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Conflict prevention, human rights and development cooperation

Conflict prevention, human rights and development cooperation. Ulla Anttila 3rd October , 2013. Recent development in armed conflicts. Africa , the Middle East and parts of South Asia are the most conflict-prone regions Internal wars Non-state actors involved

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Conflict prevention, human rights and development cooperation

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  1. Conflict prevention, humanrights and developmentcooperation Ulla Anttila 3rd October, 2013

  2. Recentdevelopment in armedconflicts • Africa, the Middle East and parts of South Asia are the mostconflict-proneregions • Internalwars • Non-stateactorsinvolved • Civiliansoftentargeted • Conflictmortalitylowerthan in the majorwarsduring the 20th century

  3. Human securityconcept • Launched in UNDP’sannualreport 1994 • Individuals’ rights to safeenvironment and securityshouldberespected • Security and developmentareinterconnected • Amongscholars, Mary Kaldorhasanalyzeddifferentaspects of civilians’ position in recentarmedconflicts • Historically, humanitarianlawbased on a similarkind of idea • Broader and narrowerdefinitions of humansecurity

  4. Responsibility to protect • Besidesresponsibility to prevent and andresponsibility to reconstruct • In publicdebates, oftenmostconcernsfocus on humanitarianinterventions • R2P: report 2001, later in the UN

  5. Crisis management & peace-building • How to prevent the escalation of violence in armedconflicts? • Arebroad international operationsnecessary for the protection of civilians? • Traditionalpeacekeepinghastransformed into morecomplexoperations

  6. Peace mediation • Peace mediationcapacitiescanbedeveloped at differentlevels of society • CMI (Crisis Management Initiative) works on theseissues oin Finland • CMI wasfoundedbyPresident Ahtisaari • Peace mediationcanalsobeused as a tool for conflict prevention

  7. Millenniumdevelopmentgoals 1. Eradicateextremepoverty 2. Achieveuniversalprimaryeducation 3. Promotegenderequality and empowerwomen 4. Reducechildmortality 5. Improvematernalhealth 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and otherdiseases 7. Ensureenvironmentalsustainability 8. Develop a globalpartnership for development • Strictlynot a rights-basedapproach, although the goalsmaystrengthenhumanrights

  8. Human rightsinstruments • Civil, political, economic, social and culturalrights • International treaties • UN: Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 • Regionalinstruments • monitoringmechanismsrelated to the HR treaties; assessment • UPR (Universal PeriodicReview) • Humanitarianlaw

  9. International humanrightslawtimeline • 1945 UN Charter • 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights • 1949 GenevaConventions • 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (into force 1976) • 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (into force 1976) • 1979 Convention on the Elimination of AllForms of DiscriminationAgainstWomen (into force 1981) • 1990 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child • 2006 UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

  10. Whosehumanrights? • Arehumanrights just a Western approach? • Universal nature of humanrights • Human rightsdefendersactive in dfferentparts of world • International Treaties: Responsibilities of the states

  11. Human rightsassessedbyNGOs • International NGOs • Amnesty International & Human Roghts Watch • Annualreports • Internet-basedcampaigning for humanrightsdefenders • National and localNGOs

  12. Civilsocietyactorspromotinghumanrights • Human rightsdefendersmayfacemanyobstacles: oppressivegovernments, extremists • Advocacy and initiatives • campaigning • Education and awarenessraising at differentlevels

  13. KIOS’s mission and strategy • Fundingprojectsfocusing on humanrights • Projectscarried out bylocalor national NGOs in developingcountries • 2011-2015: altogether 12 focuscountries and areas in East Africa and South Asia • Country strategies made to enablemorecoherent and functionalactitivities

  14. Hakijamii • Kenya • Promotion of economic and social rights • Advocacy • Making the rights of the vulnerablegroupsvisible

  15. CIL - Kathmandu • Nepal • Promotion of the rights of persons with disabilities • Promotion of the UN Convention of the Rights of the Persons with Disabilities

  16. Futures’ developmentcooperation and humanrights • Conflict prevention • Challenges of the promotion of humanrights • Althoughconflictmortalityhasbeendeclining, humanrightsviolationsstillremain as a broadproblem • Trade and migrationaffecteconomicdevelopment of developingcountries

  17. Post-2015 agenda • Sustainabledevelopment • Necessity to developmethods for conflict prevention • States & civilsocietyactors • Promotion of humanrightswillrequirefurtherattention

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