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Week 6

Week 6. Body Structure test after test complete pg. 56 in syllabus, review homework-oral practice, Chapter 6-pgs. 120-151-lecture, getting ready for integumentary test- using pgs. 56 and 67 in the syllabus, Medical Language Lab. Review Integumentary System.

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Week 6

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  1. Week 6 • Body Structure test • after test complete pg. 56 in syllabus, • review homework-oral practice, • Chapter 6-pgs. 120-151-lecture, • getting ready for integumentary test- using pgs. 56 and 67 in the syllabus, • Medical Language Lab

  2. Review Integumentary System • What are the three layers of skin? What structures are found in each? • Name the three types of burns, describe and tell the layers that each affects • Name the two types of glands found in skin-(use medical terms)

  3. Define the following: • dermatosis dermatitis • autograft SLE • alopecia urticaria • ecchymosis cellulitis • hirsutism abrasion • erythema nevus • epidermis liposuction • diaphoresis biopsy • gangrene onychomalacia • melanoma cyanosis • decubitus ulcer macule • laceration incision

  4. Gastrointestinal System

  5. Anatomy and physiology of the Digestive System • Functions of the digestive system • Digestion- the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food • Absorption- the process of absorbing nutrients into the body after digestion • Elimination- the process of removing waste from the body

  6. Upper GI System

  7. Structures and Medical Terms of the Upper GI tract and their function • Mouth - oro, stomato • an opening that holds the food • Teeth - donto, dento • mastication by chewing, grinding, tearing • Gum - gingivo • structure to hold the teeth, needs to remain healthy • Tongue - glosso, linguo • manipulation of the food

  8. Salivary Glands • Salivary – sialo • moisten food • (three glands) • Sublingual • Submandibular • Parotid

  9. Other structures and terms associated with the upper GI system • Bolus - a piece of chewed food • Pharynx - throat • Epiglottis - a piece of tissue that covers the trachea when swallowing • Esophagus - the food tube, lined with rings of muscle, peristalsis occurs

  10. Stomach- gastro • Has three layers of smooth muscles • (Circular, long, and oblique) • Lined with mucous membranes • Lies in the upper-left side of the abdominal cavity

  11. Function of the stomach*mechanical and chemical* • Bolus enters by way of the cardiac/esophogeal sphincter and is mixed with gastric juices • Churned until semi liquid formed- chyme • Process takes 3-5 hours • Peristalsis (the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles) moves the chyme to the pyloric valve • Pyloric valve (sphincter) relaxes and lets chyme proceed in small amounts to the duodenum • Stomach empties and lies in folds called rugae

  12. Duodenumfirst part of the small intestine • Small intestine- entero • Digestion occurs in proximal duodenum • C-shaped and is 10-12 inches in length

  13. Function of the Duodenum • Chyme enters duodenum • Digestive enzymes are added by the pancreas and gallbladder to further break down the chyme

  14. Structures and Medical Terms of the Lower GI System • Small intestine – entero - is divided up into three segments • Duodenum – duodeno - (part of the upper GI system) complete digestion occurs in the proximal duodenum and absorption in the distal duodenum • Jejunum – jejuno - more absorption • Ileum - ileo - final absorption of nutrients

  15. Small Intestine(Entero) primary function • Receives enzymes from accessory organs • Breaks down fats, CHO, and proteins to be absorbed by the blood and lymph capillaries • Absorption of nutrients

  16. Villi • Throughout the whole length of the small intestine are tiny finger-like projections called ‘villi’. Through the villi 85% of all nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream for delivery to cells

  17. Completion of digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine • Completed in 4-6 hours • Once completed the waste will move into the cecum • The orange arrow Indicates the ileocecal Valve. The cecum is the first part of the large I Intestine. • The green arrow is the appendix

  18. Large Intestine- colo, colono • Water and waste products stored here • Wide and about 5’ in length • Has no villi, does not coil or lie in folds, and is divided into different areas by name- ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid • Water reabsorbed back into the body

  19. Rectum and Anus (procto) • Rectum – (recto) - 5 inches and terminates at the anal canal • Anus – (ano) - has internal and external sphincter muscles

  20. Accessory Organs and their functions

  21. Liver - Hepato • Liver • Largest glandular organ in the body • Manufactures bile (chole)-exocrine function

  22. Gallbladder (cholecysto) • Muscular sac • Function is to store and release bile

  23. Pancreas- pancreato • Long fish tail shaped • adds digestive juices to breakdown CHO, fats, proteins- exocrine function

  24. Peritoneum • Lining of the walls of the abdominal cavity • Large sheet of serous membranes • Contains small amounts of fluid that permits organs to glide freely without friction

  25. Mesentery • Folds of peritoneum that support the small intestine • Between the folds are blood, lymph and nerve supply for the small intestine

  26. Pathology of the Digestive System • OralCavity • Stomatitis- inflammation of the mouth • Gingivitis- inflammation of the gums • Halitosis- • bad breath

  27. Esophagus/ esophago • Dysphagia- difficulty swallowing • Gastroesophageal reflux disease-backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus

  28. * Hiatal Hernia • The hiatus is an opening in the diaphragm -- the muscular wall separating the chest cavity from the abdomen. Normally, the esophagus (food pipe) goes through the hiatus and attaches to the stomach. In a hiatal hernia (also called hiatus hernia) the stomach bulges up into the chest through that hiatus. • There are two main types of hiatal hernias: sliding and paraesophageal (next to the esophagus).

  29. Stomach- gastro • Gastritis- inflammation of the stomach • Dyspepsia- indigestion • Nausea-a feeling of sickness in the stomach causing an urge to vomit • Emesis- vomiting • Eructation- burping • Ulcer (gastric)- an open sore of the mucus membrane

  30. Small and Large Intestine • Ileitis- inflammation of the ileum • Enteritis- inflammation of the small intestine • Crohn’s disease- inflammation in the small intestine- usually the ileum • Colitis- inflammation of the large intestine • Flatus- a reflex that expels intestinal gas through the anus

  31. Obstipation- Severe constipation • Borborygmus- bowel sounds • Ascites- abnormal build-up of fluid in the abdomen • Appendicitis- inflammation of the appendix • Diverticulitis- inflammation of a sac or pouch in the intestinal tract • Celiac sprue- a genetic disorder caused by an allergy to gluten, sets off an autoimmune response that causes damage to the small intestine which causes malabsorption • Hemorrhoids-veins around the anus or lower rectum are swollen and inflamed

  32. Liver- hepato • Hepatitis- inflammation of the liver • Jaundice- yellowing condition • Cirrhosis- condition characterized by irreversible scarring of the liver

  33. Gallbladder- cholecysto • Cholecystitis- inflammation of the gallbladder • Cholelithiasis- gallstones

  34. Pancreas- pancreato • Pancreatitis- inflammation of the pancreas

  35. Psychological • Anorexia nervosa - without appetite • Bulimia - binging and purging

  36. Procedures of the Digestive System • Gastrectomy- removal of the stomach • Colectomy- removal of the colon • Cholecystectomy- removal of the gallbladder • Stomaplasty- surgical repair of the mouth • Biliary lithotripsy- crushing of gallstones • Appendectomy- removal of the appendix

  37. Vagotomy- incision of the vagus nerve • Colostomy- forming an opening in the colon • Colotomy- incision of the colon • Anastomosis- a surgical connection between two tubes • Ileostomy- forming an opening in the ileum • Bariatric surgery- treatment for morbid obesity (stapling,banding,shortening)

  38. Colostomy

  39. Bariatric Surgery • Vertical banded gastroplasty • Roux-enY gastric • bypass (RGB)

  40. Diagnostic Procedures • Sigmoidoscopy- visual examination of the sigmoid colon • Hemoccult- hidden blood • Stool culture- lab testing feces for microorganisms • Upper GI series- (UGIS) Upper gastrointestinal series-testing the structures of the upper digestive tract

  41. Colonscopy- visual examination of the large intestine • Liver biopsy- excision of liver tissue for pathological study • Endoscopy- visual examination within • Lower GI series- (LGIS) lower gastrointestinal seriestesting the structures of the lower digestive tract

  42. Abbreviations • TPN- total parenteral nutrition • po- by mouth • BM- bowel movement • ac- before meals • NG- nasogastric • PUD- peptic ulcer disease • UGIS- upper gastrointestinal serier

  43. GI- gastrointestinal • NPO- nothing by mouth • pc- after meals • FBS- fasting blood sugar • BaE, BE- barium enema • BS-n bowel sounds • HAV, HBV, HCV- hepatitis A,B,C virus • RGB- Roux-en-Y gastric bypass • GER(D)- gastroesophageal reflux (disease)

  44. Medications • Laxatives- purgatives • Senokot, Miralax, Dulcolax • Antispasmodics- against spasm-IBS • Robinul • Antiemetics- against vomiting • Compazine, Zofran • Antacids- against acid • Mylanta, Rolaids, Tums • Antidiarrheals- against-to relieve diarrhea • Imodium

  45. Homework • Study for integumentary test using pgs. 56 and 67 in syllabus • Complete pgs. 63-67 (syllabus) • Complete pgs. 152-164(book) • Term Plus Digestive-TE and MV • www.fadavis.com study questions for chapter 6 • Read pgs. 166-194 (book)

  46. Review for Integumentary QuizPage 67 • Define the following- • SLE Alopecia • Nevus Cellulitis • Hirsutism Autograft • Dermatitis Dermatosis • Abrasion Liposuction • Diaphoresis Gangrene • Biopsy Onychomalacia • Erythema Epidermis • Ecchymosis Xeroderma • Urticaria Hidrosis

  47. Name the two glands (use medical terms) located in skin • Describe burns and tell what areas of skin they affect • Name the three layers of skin • ANY QUESTIONS??

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