Adapted from Electronic Circuits EE 359-Lecture 1 for ECE 3111 Electronics

1. Adapted from Electronic Circuits EE 359-Lecture 1for ECE 3111 Electronics EE 359 Instructor Prof. Uf Tureli Dept. of ECE Stevens Institute of Technology

2. Course Outline • Textbook: Sedra/SmithMicroelectronic Circuits 5/e

3. Amplifiers • Linear Signal Amplification: • A: Amplifier gain equals the slope • Distortion changes waveform as in figure • No real life amplifier is perfectly linear, distortion due to clipping Fig.1.13 An amplifier transfer characteristic that is linear except for output saturation.

4. Nonlinearity • Most amplifiers are only linear in a narrow range of operation • To linearize, bias the circuit with a dc voltage, labeled Q, the quiescent point. Fig.1.14(a) An amplifier transfer characteristic that shows considerable nonlinearity.

5. Low Pass Filter (LPF)Frequency Response • Magnitude Response

6. LPF Frequency Response • Phase Response Fig.1.23(a) Magnitude and (b) phase response of STC networks of the low-pass type.

7. High Pass Filter Frequency Response • Magnitude Response

8. High Pass Filter Frequency Response • Phase response Fig.1.24(a) Magnitude and (b) phase response of STC networks of the high-pass type.

9. OPAMP • Dual in Line Packaging(DIP)

10. OPAMP PACKAGING • Pinouts

11. OPAMP CIRCUITRY • The linearity of OPAMP is due to the elaborate circuitry.

12. OPAMPS • Common and Differential Mode Inputs Fig.2.4 The inverting closed-loop configuration.

13. OPAMP Circuit Model • The linear models for OpAmps include dependent sources

14. Find Currents • Inv and non-inv inputs are at same voltage Fig. 2.5 Analysis of the inverting configuration

15. IDEAL OP-AMP CONDITIONS Amplification Using Opamp • Difference amplifier • Use Kirchoff’s Current Law • Use Superposition Fig. 2.21 A difference amplifier.

16. Opamp Circuit using KCL KCL @ INVERTING TERMINAL KCL @ NON INVERTING TERMINAL

17. Opamp Circuit using Superposition REMOVE SOURCES Superimpose

18. Input Impedance of Opamp COMPLETE EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT

19. COMPLETE EQUIVALENT FOR MESH ANALYSIS GAIN INPUT RESISTANCE REPLACE AND PUT IN MATRIX FORM MESH 1 MESH 2 Input Impedance of Opamp

20. Buffer Using Opamp Fig.2.29(a) Unity-gain follower. (b) Input step waveform. (c) Linearly rising output waveform obtained when the amplifier is slew-rate limited. (d) Exponentially rising output waveform obtained when V is sufficiently small so that the initial slope (wtV) is smaller then or equal to SR.

21. Opamp Slew Rate • Effect of slew-rate limits output for sinusoidal waveforms. • Limited BW,

22. Basic Semiconductors Diode Structure Symbol

23. Diodes Fig.3.1 The ideal diode: (a) diode circuit symbol; (b) i-v characteristic; (c) equivalent circuit in the reverse direction; (d) equivalent circuit in the forward direction.

24. Diode Circuits During positive cycle, diode allow current to pass through and output voltage is positive Fig.3.3(a) Rectifier circuit. (b) Input waveform. (c) Equivalent circuit when (d) Equivalent circuit when v1> 0 (e) Output waveform.

25. Diode Characterization • Diodes have a nonlinear response to voltage • We model different regions of operation Forward Bias Reverse Bias Breakdown Fig.3.7 The i-v characteristic of a silicon junction diode.

26. Diode Regions • Diodes have negligible current when biased in reverse direction • Diodes have a 0.7V drop in the forward direction Fig. 3.8 The diode i-v relationship with some scales expanded and others compressed in order to reveal details.

27. Physical Structure on PN Junction • We can simplify Diode physics by modeling it as a 2D PN junction Fig.3.10 Simplified physical structure of the junction diode. (Actual geometries are given on Appendix A.)