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Motivation in Sport

Motivation in Sport. Motivation -- Overview. One of the more important themes in psychology Widely researched in sport & exercise What factor(s) lead us to engage in the behaviors that we do?. Katie Spotz. Interview w D. Sawyer (iSkysoft). Motivation.

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Motivation in Sport

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  1. Motivation in Sport

  2. Motivation -- Overview • One of the more important themes in psychology • Widely researched in sport & exercise • What factor(s) lead us to engage in the behaviors that we do?

  3. Katie Spotz Interview w D. Sawyer (iSkysoft)

  4. Motivation • Motivation -- Purpose for or cause of an action: • Energizes behaviors, & • Directs that energy toward a goal • It is the Energy for Action • Human behavior directed by physiological needs and psychological needs/wants • Hunger/thirst • Need for connection/contact/sex • Need for stimulation/exploration • Need to improve self, to live up to one’s potential

  5. Motivation Terms • Intrinsic motivation • Motivation derived from an internal source • Extrinsic motivation • Motivated by some outside force • Motivation is a function of individual via environment

  6. Interactionist model of motivation • Combined effect of personal (individual factors) & (environment) situational factors • Lewin (1936) B = f(P, E) • Example: Bo Eason

  7. Optimal Motivational Profile • What might an optimal profile look like? • Self-discipline • Enjoyment • Realistic self-confidence • Attitude toward failure (growth vs. fixed mindset) • Goal-directed • Other factors?

  8. Participatory Motives • Some questions: • Why do people start participating? • Why do people stop participating or decide to continue? • Research is primarily conducted with youth sport

  9. Participatory Motives • Parents are initial socializing agents • Peers begin to increase in importance around age 10 and continue to increase with age

  10. Participatory Motives Self-Determination Theory Developed at U of Rochester (Deci & Ryan) Not sport-specific A broad framework for studying motivation Proposes that we have three basic psychological needs: Autonomy, competence, and relationship For more, see: Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78. 11

  11. You never hear… • “Dr., how can I motivate my two-year old to play?!” • Why not?

  12. Autonomy • The urge to be a ¨causal agent” in one’s own life. • Volition, willingness, and choice • Interest and enjoyment • Acting in concert with deeply held values • Leads to more creativity and persistence, teamwork, and psychological/physical health (Compare this to “controlled” motivation, which is the carrot/stick model. Typically, whether coerced or rewarded, the person usually works towards the shortest path to success.)

  13. Competence • Seeking to achieve mastery • The inherent reward of success/mastery • We should structure sports and practices so that competence is gained (at any level). Think about deliberate practice…

  14. Relatedness • We are SOCIAL animals: • We have a need to: • Connect • Interact • Experience caring for and from others

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