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Combined effects of extreme events and non-native invasive species on

Combined effects of extreme events and non-native invasive species on estuarine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. 1 CIMAR-LA/CIIMAR – Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental 2 CBMA - Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental, Universidade do Minho 3 Aquamuseu do rio Minho

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Combined effects of extreme events and non-native invasive species on

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  1. Combined effects of extreme events and non-native invasive species on estuarine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning 1CIMAR-LA/CIIMAR – Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental 2CBMA - Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental, Universidade do Minho 3 Aquamuseu do rio Minho 4 OdumSchoolofEcology, UniversityofGeorgia 5 ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Univ. do Porto   *ronaldo.sousa@ciimar.up.pt R. Sousa1,2*, C. Antunes1,3, J. E. Byers4 & L. Guilhermino1,5

  2. Overview • Introduction • Approach • A successful history of a non-native invasive species (NIS) and the opposite side of the history – the role of heat waves • Implications for ecosystem functioning • Concluding remarks

  3. Introduction Biological invasions in aquatic ecosystems => Non Indigenous Invasive Species (NIS)

  4. Introduction Biologicalinvasionsinaquaticecosystems => NonIndigenousInvasiveSpecies (NIS) • Biodiversityloss • Changeofecosystemstructure • Changeofecosystemfunctioning • Ecologicalproblem

  5. Introduction Biologicalinvasionsinaquaticecosystems => NonIndigenousInvasiveSpecies (NIS) • Biodiversityloss • Changeofecosystemstructure • Changeofecosystemfunction • Ecologicalproblem • Economicproblem • Eliminationofspeciesofeconomicvalue • Structuraldamages • Control/mitigationexpenses • Other

  6. Introduction Extreme climaticevents

  7. Introduction Mexico, November 2007 Extreme climaticevents • The frequency of extreme climatic events (e.g. storms, heat waves, droughts and floods) is expected to increase (IPCC, 2007) • Punctual events but may completely change the structure and functioning of ecosystems

  8. Introduction Biological invasions Heat waves Lack of knowledge! ECOSYSTEM

  9. Introduction Biological invasions Heat waves Lack of knowledge! ECOSYSTEM MORE SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION IS NEEDED!

  10. Problem PORTUGAL SUMMER Heat waves ESTUARIES Reduction of water flow Water temperature increase Eutrophication Reduction of D.O.

  11. Problem PORTUGAL SUMMER Heat waves ESTUARIES Reduction of water flow BIOTIC COMMUNITY - Massive mortalities - Interfere species relationships - Elimination of most sensitive species Water temperature increase Eutrophication Reduction of D.O.

  12. Problem PORTUGAL SUMMER Heat waves ESTUARIES Reduction of water flow BIOTIC COMMUNITY - Massive mortalities - Interfere species relationships - Elimination of most sensitive species Water temperature increase Biodiversity loss Ecosystem structure and functioning changes Eutrophication Reduction of D.O.

  13. Histories…. A successful history of a NIS and the opposite side of the history

  14. Approach A successful history of a NIS and the opposite side of the history OR…. How a NIS “turns” a dramatic environmental event into an advantage in its competition with native species

  15. Approach Minho Riverestuary http://mapsof.net/uploads/static-maps/iberian_peninsula_base_map.png

  16. Approach • NATURA 2000 • Lenght: 40 Km • TFWs: 30 Km • Area: 23 Km2

  17. Approach NATIVE SPECIES NON NATIVE INVASIVE SPECIES (Sousa, Antunes, Guilhermino. 2005. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 75: 90 - 100)

  18. Approach 16 9 Tui 10 15 11 9 12 14 Valença 8 13 7 4 6 5 3 1 Vila Nova de Cerveira Extensive sampling Annual (October) 2004 - 2009 2 Caminha

  19. Approach IntensiveSampling Monthly 2005 - 2006 Louro River S2 S3 S1 200 m Valença

  20. Approach • ABIOTIC PARAMETERS: • Temperature (water) • Salinity (water) • Conductivity (water) • Dissolved oxygen (water) • pH (water) • Redox potential (water) • Total dissol. solids (water) • Hardness (water) • Nitrates (water) • Nitrites (water) • Ammonia (water) • Phosphates (water) • Granulometry (sediment) • Org matter cont. (sediment) • BIOTIC PARAMETERS: • Number of species • Abundance (nº ind/m2) • Bioamass (g AFDW/m2) • Growth • Production

  21. A successful history of a NIS…. Asian clam Corbicula fluminea

  22. A successful history of a NIS Heat waves 2005 and 2009 (2005 was one of the two warmest years on record IPCC, 2007)

  23. A successful history of a NIS Heat waves 2005 and 2009 Minho riverinflow 2004 - 2009 River inflow (dam3) Data from INAG

  24. A successful history of a NIS What happens during heat waves?

  25. A successful history of a NIS What happens during heat waves? intensive sampling 2005

  26. A successful history of a NIS And at long-term in the estuary?

  27. A successful history of a NIS Density (mean 16 sites) 2008: 1200 ind/m2 Biomass (mean 16 sites) 2008: 166.2 g AFDW/m² => das mais altas de sempre a nível mundial! (Sousa, Nogueira, Gaspar, Antunes, Guilhermino. 2008. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 79: 467 - 474)

  28. … and the opposite side of the history Pisidium amnicum (indigenous species)

  29. …the opposite side of the history Pisidium amnicum (indigenous species) (Sousa, Morais, Antunes, Guilhermino. 2008. Estuaries and Coasts 31: 1198 – 1207)

  30. Implications for ecosystem functioning?

  31. Ecosystem functioning Biogeochemical cycles Filtration rates Ecosystem Engineering C. fluminea Interactions with other species Biofouling

  32. Concluding remarks Several native mollusc species currently colonising the River Minho are threatened with extirpation.

  33. Concluding remarks Several native mollusc species currently colonising the River Minho TFWs are threatened with extirpation. Extraordinary reduction of biodiversity!

  34. Concluding remarks Several native mollusc species currently colonising the River Minho TFWs are threatened with extirpation. Extraordinary reduction of biodiversity! URGENTE MEASURES ARE NEEDED!

  35. Concluding remarks Corbicula fluminea completely changed the structure and functioning of the ecosystem!

  36. Concluding remarks Heat waves had a major role on the results of the competition between Corbicula fluminea and its native competitors!

  37. Acknowledgements • PhD and POST-DOC grants to Ronaldo Sousa • Project “NISTRACKS – Processes influencing the invasive behaviour of the non indigenous invasive species Corbicula fluminea – identification of genetic and environmental key factors”(FCT: PTDC/AAC-AMB/102121/2008)

  38. Acknowledgements Thanks for attention! • PhD and POST-DOC grants to Ronaldo Sousa • Project “NISTRACKS – Processes influencing the invasive behaviour of the non indigenous invasive species Corbicula fluminea – identification of genetic and environmental key factors”(FCT: PTDC/AAC-AMB/102121/2008)

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