1 / 21

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

28. Applied and Industrial Microbiology. Industrial Microbiology - History. Lactic acid and ethanol from large-scale food fermentations Armament-related chemicals such as glycerol and acetone during World Wars I & II Antibiotics following World War II Renewable feedstocks now

jens
Télécharger la présentation

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. 28 Applied and Industrial Microbiology

  2. Industrial Microbiology - History • Lactic acid and ethanol from large-scale food fermentations • Armament-related chemicals such as glycerol and acetone during World Wars I & II • Antibiotics following World War II • Renewable feedstocks now • Traditional & new biotechnology: recombinant DNA technology

  3. Fermentation Technology • Industrial fermentation vs. Physiological fermentation • Anaerobic → Aerobic • Microbial, plant, and animal cells

  4. Bioreactors • Type: many different designs, most widely used CSTR • Size: small to large e.g. 500,000 liters • Operation: batch or continuous

  5. Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor Figure 28.10

  6. Microbial Metabolites • Primary metabolites: growth associated • Secondary metabolites

  7. Primary Fermentation Figure 28.11a

  8. Secondary Fermentation Figure 28.11b

  9. Strain Improvement • Traditional methods: UV, X rays, chemical mutagen • Modern technology

  10. Immobilization Technology • Immobilized enzymes vs. traditional chemical process • Immobilized cells: continuous flow processes • Materials used fro immobilization

  11. Immobilized Cells Figure 28.12

  12. Industrial Products • Amino acids • Citric acid • Enzymes • Vitamins • Antibiotics • Steroids • Etc. UN 28.1

  13. Amino Acids • L-glutamate (glutamic acid) → MSG (monosodium glutamate): flavor enhancer • Lysine and methionine: cereal food (feed) supplements • Phenylalanine and aspartic acid (L-aspartate): ingredients in the sugar-free sweetener aspartame

  14. Citric Acid • Original source: oranges and lemons • Product of mold (Aspergillus niger) metabolism after World War I • Use: giving tartness and flavor to foods, antioxidant and pH adjuster in many foods, emulsifier in dairy products

  15. Enzymes • Amylase • Glucose isomerase • Proteases • Rennin • Etc. Table 28.6 • Use: food industry, laundry detergent, clinical use…

  16. Vitamins • Vitamin B12 • Riboflavin • Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

  17. Pharmaceuticals • Antibiotics: mold or streptomycete • Vaccines: antiviral (chicken eggs or cell culture), antibacterial (growth of bacteria), subunit (recombinant DNA technology) vaccines • Steroids: cortisone, estrogens, progesterone, conversion of sterol to steroids

  18. Biological Leaching of Copper Ores Figure 28.14a

  19. Microorganisms as products • Baker’s yeast: Saccharomyces cerevisiae • Symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria: Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium • Insect pathogen: Bacillus thuringiensis

  20. Alternative Energy Sources Using Microorganisms Bioconversion Biomass Methane or ethyl alcohol Figure 28.15

  21. The Future Of Industrial Microbiology • Foods • Fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals • Renewable energy and chemical sources (shortage of fossil fuel) • Genetic engineering and Metabolic engineering

More Related