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Bureaucracy & Financing

Bureaucracy & Financing. Bureaucracy. Bureaucracy: Large, complex administrative structure which handles everyday business of the federal government Hierarchical authority Job Specialization Formalized Rules. Executive Departments. Each Department headed by a Secretary Cabinet

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Bureaucracy & Financing

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  1. Bureaucracy & Financing

  2. Bureaucracy • Bureaucracy: • Large, complex administrative structure which handles everyday business of the federal government • Hierarchical authority • Job Specialization • Formalized Rules

  3. Executive Departments • Each Department headed by a Secretary • Cabinet • Informal advisory board to the President • Traditionally made up of heads of 15 executive departments • Departments of State, Justice, Defense, Education, Treasury, etc.

  4. Executive Office of the President • The EOP is staffed by the President’s most trusted advisors • White House Office • “Nerve Center” • Chief of Staff, Press Secretary, assistants to President • National Security Council • Advises President on domestic, foreign, and military issues that relate to security • VP, Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense, head of CIA & FBI

  5. Independent Agencies • Independent Agencies – Created outside the Executive branch • Do not fit well within departments • Independent Executive Agencies • NASA, EPA, etc. • Independent Regulatory Commissions • The Fed, etc. • Government Corporations • FDIC, US Postal Service, etc.

  6. Financing the Government

  7. Types of Taxes • Progressive Taxes • Tax increases based on an individual’s ability to pay • Corporate Taxes – pay according to its profit for year • Income Taxes – #1 source of revenue • http://www.moneychimp.com/features/tax_brackets.htm • Tax Return – declaration of income & deductions - IRS by April 15th

  8. Types of Taxes • Regressive Taxes • Taxes levied at a flat rate without regard to the level of a taxpayer’s income or ability to pay • Sales tax – 8.25%

  9. Types of Taxes • Excise • Taxes on the production, sale, or consumption of specific goods • “Luxury” or “Sin” taxes • Airline tickets, tires, firearms, tobacco, beer, gambling

  10. Types of Taxes • Estate taxes (Death taxes) • Paid according to a person’s wealth, land, estate at their death • Gift taxes • Tax gifts over $12,000 a year (to keep people from giving away estate)

  11. Federal Spending • Each branch within the government receives a portion • Executive Departments spend the most • President submits a budget to Congress each year for approval • Must be approved by whole Congress

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