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Background. Contour languageTone language level tone language. . contour language. Contrasts mainly dependent on pitch movement on each syllablee.g. Cantonese[si?] city' (low-mid to mid, rising)
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1. Autosegmental Phonology By ? ?
2. Background
Contour language
Tone language
level tone language
3. contour language Contrasts mainly dependent on pitch movement on each syllable
e.g. Cantonese
[si?] city (low-mid to mid, rising)
[si?] history (low-mid to high, rising)
[si?] matter (low-mid, level)
[si?] silk (high, level)
[si?] time (low-mid to low, falling)
[si?] to try (mid, level)
4. level tone languages tonal contrasts are predominantly dependent on the pitch height of each syllable
e.g. Igbo
[akwa] bed LL
[aa] war HH
[aSa] weaver bird HL
[uba] wealth LH
5. Tone may mark grammatical categories timeless
[?"ma] I show
continuous
[?"ma] I am showing
past
[?"ma] I showed
6. The Absolute Slicing Hypothesis traditional SPE-style phonology regarded tone as a feature belonging to the vowel, but there is evidence that tones have some autonomy from the vowels on which they are realized:
7. Contour tones behave as if a combination of simple tones, e.g. in tonal polarity, where some marker always has the opposite tone to that of the base, as in Margi:
8. tonal melodies Leben (1973) data from Mende show only 5 basic patterns atthe word level. H k war p?l? house hawama waist
L kpadebt b?l? pants kpakal? chair
HL mbuowl ngIladog felama?junction
LH mbarice fandecotton ndavula sling
LHL mbacompanion
nyahawoman
nIkIlI ?? peanut
9. Autosegmental phonology (Goldsmith 1976)Definition 1 A new type of phonological representation was proposed, made up of several simultaneous sequences of segments linked by association lines.
------M.St./M.Phil. Phonology course
10. Definition 2 Autosegmental phonology is a non-linear approach to phonology that allows phonological processes, such as tone and vowel harmony, to be independent of and extend beyond individual consonants and vowels.
----Goldsmith, John A. 1975.
"Tone melodies and the autosegment."
11. one-to-one association e.g. Mende
ng"la? dog fande? cotton
H L L H
12. many-to-one association mba? rice mba? companion
L H L H L
13. multiple linking kpakal" ?chair ndavula? sling
L H L
14. Goldsmiths Universal Association Convention (UAC) Match the tones and tone-bearing units (TBUs) one to one, left to right.
Associate left-over TBUs with the last tone and left-over tones with the last TBU.
No Crossing Constraint: association lines do not cross.
15. Extensions of autosegmental phonology Nasality may be a property of whole words in
Desano, e.g.
[w?a"] name [wa"] fish
w a " ? w a "
?
[+nasal] [-nasal]
?
16. Autosegmental&CV phonology Eg. Penny
C V C V
p ? n i
17. Thank you!