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Interpreting Isotopes: Climate Clues from δ18O and δ13C

Discover the significance of δ18O and δ13C isotopes in benthic foram tests, revealing temperature, ice volume, nutrient, and water formation impacts on climate records over the past 5 million years. Major climatic features include gradual cooling, NH glaciations, and glacial/interglacial transitions.

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Interpreting Isotopes: Climate Clues from δ18O and δ13C

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  1. A Tale of Two Isotopes: δ18O and δ13C

  2. δ18O in benthic foram tests: • temperature effect: δ18O decreases by 1‰ for every 4.2oC increase in T • ice volume effect: δ18O in the deep ocean increases as ice sheets grow • δ13C in benthic foram tests: • nutrient effect: δ13Cdecreases as nutrient concentration increases • deep water formation effect: δ13C in the deep ocean increases as NADW formation decreases

  3. Major features of climate record over last 5 Ma gradual cooling over past ~3 Ma, with onset of NH glaciations switch from 41 ky cycle to 100 ky extreme amplitude glacial/interglacial transition ODP Site 849 – eastern eq. Pac., 3839 m depth

  4. Northeast Atlantic, 2179 m depth

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