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The Science of Marine Biology

The Science of Marine Biology. Why do we study Marine Biology?. Major Food Source Medicine Major source of oxygen Carbon dioxide “sink” (photosynthesis) Predict weather patterns Recreation Solve problems caused by marine organisms Predict effects of human activities.

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The Science of Marine Biology

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  1. The Science of Marine Biology

  2. Why do we study Marine Biology? • Major Food Source • Medicine • Major source of oxygen • Carbon dioxide “sink” (photosynthesis) • Predict weather patterns • Recreation • Solve problems caused by marine organisms • Predict effects of human activities

  3. The HMS Challenger ExpeditionFirst major oceanographic expedition • For three and a half years sailed around the globe collecting information and gathering samples. • Set new standards for studying the ocean. • Systematic measurements were made and meticulous records were kept. • Laid the foundations of modern marine science

  4. Alvin • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBf5x72Rc60 (Deep sea wave)

  5. The Scientific Method • A set of flexible procedures to answer a question or problem using direct observations • Scientists may use tools to enhance their observations • Induction – specific observations lead to general conclusions • Deduction – general principles are used to make specific predictions • Fig. 1.19

  6. Steps of the Scientific Method • Observe a selected part of nature and then state the problem you wish to solve in the form of a testable hypothesis. • Formulate a hypothesis (“educated guess”). Often stated with the words if and then in order to devise an experiment to test it. • A hypothesis can be supported by experimental evidence or it may be proven false by experimental data.

  7. The Scientific Method Experiment a. In a controlled experiment two groups are tested: one that is exposed to the variable and one that is not. (Fig. 1-20) b. Variable – what you are changing or measuring 1. independent variable – what you are changing 2. dependent variable – what you are measuring

  8. The Scientific Method • Make observations and record results • Analysis/Conclusion – do results support or disprove the hypothesis • Publish results – other scientists can repeat and see of they get the same results

  9. A bar graph is used to compare data and show relationships at a glance.

  10. A line graph shows the relationships between variables (i.e. – independent/dependent)

  11. Scientific Theories • A theory is a statement made based on a broad range of phenomenon • Example – Theory of Evolution – species evolve over time with natural selection being the driving force. • Theory is supported by; fossil record, comparative anatomy, embryology, DNA analysis

  12. Scientific Laws • A statement that is true – usually based on a mathematical equation • Charles Law – V2 = V1 T2 T1 (volume of gas varies directly with temp.) • Boyles Law - V2 = V1 P1 P2 (pressure is inversely proportional to volume

  13. Bar Graphs and Line Graphs • Using the information in the following slide construct one bar graph and one line graph in your lab book. • Copy the data table into your lab book. • What can you conclude from the information in your graphs?

  14. Average speed of snails at different temperatures (cm/min)

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