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Marine Biology

Marine Biology. Lecture 7: Estuaries. What is an estuary?. Definition “Partially enclosed embayment where fresh and salt water meet.” Biological perspective One of the most biologically productive types of ecosystems in the world. Types of estuaries in Oregon. Drowned river mouth

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Marine Biology

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  1. Marine Biology Lecture 7: Estuaries

  2. What is an estuary? • Definition • “Partially enclosed embayment where fresh and salt water meet.” • Biological perspective • One of the most biologically productive types of ecosystems in the world

  3. Types of estuaries in Oregon • Drowned river mouth • River dominated • Bar built • Blind

  4. Bar-built estuary • Cape Hatteras, North Carolina

  5. Bar Built Estuary Stony Brook Harbor, Long Beach

  6. Parts of an estuarine system

  7. Salinity profiles • Positive “salt wedge” estuary

  8. Salinity classifications (cont.) • Negative (“evaporate”) estuary

  9. Effects of tides on salinity

  10. Other physical characteristics • Substrate • General description • Relationship to salinity

  11. Other physical characteristics (cont.) • Temperature • Wave action and currents • Turbidity • Oxygen

  12. Salinity tolerance of organisms

  13. Osmoconformers vs. osmoregulators

  14. Estuarine food webs • Sources of energy • Organic matter • Phytoplankton • Algal mats • Plants • Primary consumers • Planktovores • Detritovores • Key predators

  15. Estuarine food webs

  16. Focus: Niche partitioning in birds

  17. Prey location tactics

  18. Common estuarine animals in Oregon • Worms (a variety) • Clams (a variety) • Snails (in some) • Ghost shrimp (Calianassa californiensis) • Sand shrimp (Crangon spp.) • A variety of crabs • Cancer magister can be found in estuaries, although they are stenohaline and found near the bottom • Predatory fish • Birds

  19. Common estuarine organisms in Oregon • Worms: a variety • Abarenicola sp.

  20. Common estuarine organisms in Oregon Saxadoma nutalli: butternut clam Macoma nasuta: bent-nosed clam Photos: Melissa Phipps Protothaca staminia: littleneck Mya arenaria: soft-shelled clam

  21. Common estuarine organisms in Oregon • Snails • Cerithidea sp.: California horn snail

  22. Common estuarine organisms in Oregon • Callianassa californiensis: the ghost shrimp

  23. Common estuarine organisms in Oregon • Crangon sp.: the sand shrimp

  24. Salt Marshes Mangroves

  25. Mangrove prop roots

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