Marine Biology

1. Marine Biology Where have we been, and where are we going?

2. What is Marine Biology? • Marine biology is the scientific study of organisms in the marineenvironment • What does the marine environment encompass? • The different disciplines of science covered in marine biology • Marine biology is a combination of functional biology and ecology Introduction

3. Why should we study the marine habitat? • Marine life provides different resources Widely used for recreation and essential in many coastal economies Problems created by the marine environment and marine animals Introduction

4. The History of Marine Biology • Man has been attracted to the ocean since the Stone Age • Aristotle lived in the 4th century B.C. (first marine biologist) During the 9th and 10th century Vikings (Leif Eriksson) explored much of the North Atlantic As seamanship and navigation skills improved so did our knowledge of the environment Introduction

5. James Cook • James Cook was one of the first captains to make scientific observations • Carried an accurate chronometer and full-time naturalist • In 3 voyages he explored all of the worlds oceans • Killed in 1779 in Kealakekua Bay by native Hawaiians • Through his example in the 19th century most ships carried naturalists James Cook Introduction

6. Francesco Bartolozzi and William Byrne The death of Captain Cook James Cook Voyages Introduction

7. Marine Biology History • In 1831 the H.M.S. Beagle sailed around the world for 5 years carrying Charles Darwin • What are Darwin’s notable contributions to science and marine biology? Charles Darwin Introduction

8. Atoll Reefs and Barnacles Introduction

9. Edward Forbes • One of the first true marine biologists • Naturalist on the Beacon and sampled the bottom using a dredge • Discovered that animal density decreased with depth and that species diversity changes with depth • Up to this point it was believed that no life existed in the oceans depths Introduction

10. The British are Coming!! • In 1872 the British government funded the first major oceanographic expedition. • A light warship, the Challenger was used • It took 19 years and 50 volumes to publish all the results • 4,700 new species were discovered • New standards were set in studying the ocean. Challenger Introduction

11. HMS Challenger Voyage Introduction

12. Woods Hole Institute Marine Laboratories • Marine labs were created at the shore to tackle long term studies of the marine habitat • The first major American lab was the Woods Hole lab in Massachusetts • http://www.whoi.edu/home/ • Another important lab was created in Pacific Grove, California. The Scripps Institute • http://www-sio.ucsd.edu/ • These and many other marine labs are crucial in the growth of marine biology today Introduction

13. Marine Biology Today • The description of animals and the general picture of marine biology is now well understood • Marine biologist are concerned with why patterns exist and how animals live • With advances in technologies new areas are now available to explore • Submersibles (Alvin) and ROV’s are used to explore the deep sea and hydrothermal vents Alvin Introduction

14. Aquarius Habitat Introduction

15. UNC-W’s Center for Marine Science http://www.uncwil.edu/cmsr Introduction