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The French Revolutions Age of Metternich 1815-1848

The French Revolutions Age of Metternich 1815-1848. THE RESTORATION. 1814-1830 Restoration of the Bourbons Louis XVIII (1814-1824) Classical Liberalist CHARTER of 1814 Bi-cameral legislature, civil liberties, religious toleration. Executive Branch – King

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The French Revolutions Age of Metternich 1815-1848

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  1. The French Revolutions Age of Metternich 1815-1848

  2. THE RESTORATION • 1814-1830 • Restoration of the Bourbons • Louis XVIII (1814-1824) • Classical Liberalist • CHARTER of 1814 • Bi-cameral legislature, civil liberties, religious toleration

  3. Executive Branch – King Legislative Branch – Chamber of Peers, Chamber of Deputies (new privileged class) Equality of Opportunity CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY WEALTH = POLITICAL WISDOM THE RESTORATION

  4. THE RESTORATION • CHARLES X (1824-1830) • Political Party – ULTRAS • Ultra Royalists • Absolute • Tried to move France to the Right • July 26, 1830 – JULY ORDINANCES • Voting restricted 100,000 – 25,000

  5. CHARLES X • Dissolved Parliament • Strict censorship imposed • Changed the voting laws to assure a conservative victory

  6. July 27,28,29 1830 The Three Glorious Days – JULY REVOLUTION Barricades went up, rioting in the streets, workers, students, petty bourgeoisie Death toll 700 Charles X abdicated Generally, workers wanted more freedom, Bourgeoisie satisfied with Charter 1814 FRENCH REVOLUTIONOF 1830

  7. THE JULY MONARCHY • Louis Philippe (1830-1848) • Duke of Orleans – Grandson of Charles X • Vote by Parliament – Assistance of General Lafayette • Bourgeois Monarchy • “Citizen King”

  8. Led a bourgeoisie life Wore a business suit, carried an umbrella, briefcase Hand Shake – common people Press Censorship abolished King ruled by the will of the people not God Property qualifications reduced Tricolor replaces Bourbon flag The gov’t was under the control of the wealthy middle class LOUIS PHILIPPE

  9. FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1848 • ISSUE – VOTING RIGHTS • Francis Guizot “Get Rich” “Work and grow rich, the you will become voters” • Feb 22 – Banquet scheduled by reformers – Government response – CANCELLED • Barricades went up – rioting in the streets • Feb. 24 Louise Philippe abdicated • Chamber of Deputies established a Provisional Government • 10 men Executive Branch • Constituent Assembly – Write a New Constitution

  10. FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1848 • FRANCE DIVIDED • Alphonse Lamartine – Democrats 7 of 10 men on the Executive Committee • Louis Blanc – Socialist 3 of 10 men on the Executive Committee – “RIGHT TO WORK” • Workers supported Blanc – wanted social and economic reform • Used the red flag instead of the tricolor • SOCIALISM – state supported collectivist manufacturing • “NATIONAL WORKSHOPS”

  11. Provisional Gov’t Political concession to Workers “unemployment relief” Many workers moved to Paris April 23, 1848 Constituent Assembly – elected universal manhood suffrage Mid – June 200,000 workers National Workshops – out of jobs and money NATIONAL WORKSHOPS

  12. FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1848 • June 21, 1848 • National Workshops dissolved • Workers 3 CHOICES – military, workshops in provinces, or forced out of Paris • THE BLOODY JUNE DAYS • June 24-26 1848 • Class Warfare – Bourgeoisie v. Proletariat • Martial Law declared by the Constituent Assembly

  13. Victor Hugo (1862) The Miserable Ones, The Poor Ones Based on the events of the “Bloody June Days” Insurrection by the WORKERS Les Misérables

  14. THE SECOND FRENCH REPUBLIC • 1848-1852 • New Constitution • Executive Branch – President • Legislative Assembly • Dec. 1848 Elections = Napoleon III • “LAW AND ORDER”

  15. Nephew of Napoleon I Success largely due to his name Limited to one 4 year term Dec. 1851 orchestrated a coup Legislative Assembly dissolved Jan 1852 Plebiscite – people of France overwhelming vote yes Napoleon III – EMPEROR Ideologically? A shift to the? NAPOLEON III

  16. 1852-1870 EMPEROR NAPOLEON III Authoritarian - Dictatorial rule France – Napoleon III pivotal role in the unification of both Italy and Germany Genuine idealism and liberalism / ruthless authoritarianism Abdicates 1870 – Franco-Prussian War SECOND EMPIRE

  17. THE PARIS COMMUNE

  18. THE PARIS COMMUNE • 1871 • Commune = local authority (council) • Anarchists and Socialists seize power • Chaos defeat by Prussians • Hailed as first time working class takes power • Socialist RED FLAG

  19. ALSACE-LORRAINE

  20. THE THIRD REPUBLIC • 1871-1940 • Instability • Anarchists,Socialists, Communists, Orleanists, Bonapartists, Legitimists • Coalition gov’t • Scandals

  21. French Colonial Empire The empire set up under the 3rd Republic was the greatest France had ever possessed. Ironically, two-thirds of the missionary priests outside Europe were French! By 1914, France was the second largest colonial power in the world and the largest in Africa.

  22. France’s Colonial Empire

  23. THE DREYFUS AFFAIR • 1894 • Jewish Captain • Charged – German Spy • Emile Zola – “J’accuse” • Divided the Nation • One Common shared value • HATRED FOR GERMANY

  24. THE ZIONIST MOVEMENT • Theodore Herzl (1860-1904) • Dreyfus affair • Book- DerJudenstaat, orThe Jewish Statein 1896. • “Father of Modern Zionism.”

  25. URBANIZATION • Baron Haussman – (1809-1891) • Rebuilding of Paris (Napoleon III) • Sewer system, bridges, “boulevards” • Gustave Eiffel 1889

  26. EIFFEL TOWER • 2 Years 2 months and five days to complete • 984 ft. tall • Repainted every 7 years • 1665 steps / elevator • Weighs 7,000 tons • Dark Brown Paint Color • 20,000 light bulbs – 5,000 per side

  27. Vichy France (1940-1944) – WWII Provisional Government (1944-1947) Fourth Republic (1947-1958) – Algerian riots (1958) Charles de Gaulle – 1st President of the 5th Republic (1958-1969) Jacque Chirac (1995-2008) FRANCE TO PRESENT

  28. (b. 1955 ) President 2007 Lawyer, Mayor, Interior Minister Defeated Socialist Candidate – 6th president of the Fifth Republic Center-Right – Union for a Popular Movement Party “A New France is Coming” Pro-American NICHOLAS SARKOZY

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