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The new CCSM, glacial inception and the importance of inertial waves. recent improvements in CCSM – version 4 glacial inception and carbon cycle the equatorial hypothesis parameterizing inertial waves. Markus Jochum, NCAR. The Madden-Julian Oscillation. Observations.
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The new CCSM, glacial inception and the importance of inertial waves • recent improvements in CCSM – version 4 • glacial inception and carbon cycle • the equatorial hypothesis • parameterizing inertial waves Markus Jochum, NCAR
The Madden-Julian Oscillation Observations CCSM4 (Subramaniam et al, 2011) Composite November-April 20-100-day OLR (color, in Wm2) and 850 hPa wind anomalies (vectors)
NINO3 SST observations old CCSM new CCSM Neale et al. 2008
Ocean Viscosity and Climate biases in sea-ice ---> concentration, CCSM3 <---change due to lower viscosity (CCSM4) Jochum et al. 2008
left: observed temperature at 2000 m bottom left: old CCSM biases below: improvement with new overflow The Overflow Parameterization Danabasoglu et al. 2009
Glacial Inception in a transient simulation with CCSM4 red: perennial snow present day green: difference in annual snow blue: perennial snow 115.000 yrs ago accumulation 115 kya (m/yr) JJ oJochum et al. 2011
time Carbon dioxide, and deuterium/hydrogen ratio from the Vostok Ice core; and global ice volume from sediment cores (inverted). (Sigman & Boyle, 2000) g
Observed Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (mmol/m3, zonal average based on GLODAP) Southern Ocean Hypothesis after early ideas of Siegenthaler & Wenk, Sarmiento & Toggweiler, and Knox & Elroy (all 1984) Southern Ocean Hypothesis after early ideas of Siegenthaler & Wenk, Sarmiento & Toggweiler, and Knox & Elroy (all 1984) Observed Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (mmol/m3) (zonal average, based on GLODAP)
2 color: mean ocean to atmosphere carbon fluxes in control contour lines: OP115-CONT; solid lines indicate atmospheric gain of CO in OP115.
NEW: The Equatorial Pacific Hypothesis
The energy required for mixing across isopycnals is proportional to stratification and diffusivity: E ~ k N 2 color: Pacific mean temperature difference (115kya - CONT); blue contour: mean salinity difference (115kya - CONT); green contour: mean dissolved inorganic carbon (CONT).
Black: 115 kya simulation Red: 115 kya continued with reduced diapycnal diffusivity
Jochum, Briegleb, Danabasoglu, Bryan, Gent, Large (NCAR) & Alford (APL) Near-Inertial Waves – the new Aspirin A climate process team together with SIO, UW, Univ. Mich. & Alaska, GFDL, FSU and WHOI A climate process team together with SIO, UW, Univ. Mich. & Alaska, GFDL, FSU and WHOI
Correlation between NI zonal velocity and its parameterization u= -T/2pi dv/dt v=T/2pi du/dt
Impact of NIWs on tropical precipitation gray: SST changes red: reduced rain blue: increased rain
Conclusions • the new CCSM4 now features realistic MJOs, ENSOs, improved sea-ice distribution and deep water properties • it also reproduces the last glacial inception, so that changes in Earth's orbit are sufficient to explain glacial inception • changes in diapycnal mixing appear as a key process to explain the drawdown of atmospheric carbondioxide during the ice ages • near-inertial waves are a key component of the climate system, but they are still poorly observed and modelled