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August 21, 2012

August 21, 2012. Pre-Research Project. Before your first “real” research paper, you will be doing a practice research paper using sources provided by Mrs. Schardein. Homework for Thursday: Read sources A and B. Verbs. Definition: Verbs describe an action, occurrence, or state of being.

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August 21, 2012

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  1. August 21, 2012

  2. Pre-Research Project • Before your first “real” research paper, you will be doing a practice research paper using sources provided by Mrs. Schardein. • Homework for Thursday: Read sources A and B

  3. Verbs • Definition: Verbs describe an action, occurrence, or state of being. • Types of verbs: • Infinitive • Action • Stative • Auxiliary/Helping

  4. Verbs • Infinitive: A verb that has not been “activated” by a subject. Always has “to” before it. • Ex: to walk, to run, to like, to be. • This is the verb before it has been conjugated using a subject or tense • In Spanish it’s called the “infinitivo” and is the verb with an ar, er, or ir ending (ex: caminar, correr, gustar, estar)

  5. Types of Verbs • Action: Describe something that you can see someone doing. • Ex: walking, running, jumping, writing, eating, playing • These are what most people think of when they are asked to name a verb.

  6. Types of Verbs • Stative: Describes a state, situation, or condition. • Ex: be, have, know, like, own, seem • These verbs describe things that cannot be seen.

  7. Types of Verbs • Auxiliary/Helping: A verb used with another verb to create a tense. • 23 Common Helping verbs: *Memorize these by Friday

  8. Verb Tenses • 9 Verb Tenses: • Simple Present • Present Progressive • Present Perfect • Present Perfect Progressive • Simple Past • Past Progressive • Past Perfect • Future • Future Perfect

  9. Verb Tenses • Simple Present: Something is happening now or is a general fact. • Ex: • The students write notes. • I like chocolate • There are 31 days in August

  10. Verb Tenses • Present Progressive: Used for an activity in progress • Ex: • They are playing soccer. • I am feeling sad.

  11. Verb Tenses • Present Perfect: Something started in the past, and continued up to the present. • Ex: • They have walked for 2 miles and just arrived.

  12. Verb Tenses • Present Perfect Progressive: Something started in the past, continued to the present, and will continue in the future. • Ex: • They have been walking for 2 hours, and still have another 3 miles to go.

  13. Verb Tenses • Simple Past: An action was completed in the past. • Ex: • We visited our grandma on Sunday. • I ate lunch an hour ago.

  14. Verb Tenses • Past Progressive: Action that took place over a period of time OR was interrupted by another action. • Ex: • They were walking for 4 days. • They were walking when Jane fell down.

  15. Verb Tenses • Past Perfect: An action completed before another action in the past. • Ex: • They had walked for 4 days when they finally reached the end of the trail.

  16. Verb Tenses • Future: Something that hasn’t happened yet. • Ex: • When they go backpacking, they will walk for 4 days.

  17. Verb Tenses • Future Perfect: Something that hasn’t happened yet, but will be finished before a specific time.. • Ex: • They will have walked for 4 days when I pick them up at the end of the trail on Saturday.

  18. Common Verb Errors • Error #1: Subject-Verb agreement • Verbs must agree in number with the subject of the sentence. • Ex: • The boylikes ice cream. (singular) • The boyslike ice cream. (plural)

  19. Common Verb Errors • Error #1: Subject-Verb agreement • When the subject has two or more parts combined with AND use the plural verb • Ex: • Mary and I like ice cream. (plural)

  20. Common Verb Errors • Error #1: Subject-Verb agreement • When the subject has two or more parts combined with OR use the part of the subject that comes last. • Ex: • Do you know if Maryor the boys like ice cream? (plural) • Do you know if the boysorMarylikes ice cream? (singular)

  21. Common Verb Errors • Error #1: Subject-Verb agreement • These words are singular: each, each one, either, neither, everyone, everybody, anybody, anyone, nobody, somebody, someone, and no one. • Ex: • Everybodylikes ice cream. (singular)

  22. Common Verb Errors • Error #2: Verb Tense Consistency • This is usually only a problem in essays. • Use past tense to narrate events and to refer to an author or an author's ideas as historical entities. • Ex: When Fitzgerald wroteThe Great Gatsby…

  23. Common Verb Errors • Error #2: Verb Tense Consistency • Use present tense to state facts, to refer to constant actions, and to discuss your own ideas or those expressed by an author in a particular work. Also use present tense to describe action in a literary work, movie, or other fictional narrative. • Hester Prynne wears a scarlet A as a reminder of her adultery.

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