Revision of P1

1. Revision of P1 Learning Objective: Recap all of the physics content with past paper questions

2. Index REVISION OF P1

3. Learning outcomes • Good- know the key facts in the physics module • EBI- You can apply what we recap to past paper questions • Excellent- You can get 75% of marks in each question REVISION OF P1

4. Learning Outcomes: Good- know the key facts in the physics module EBI- You can apply what we recap to past paper questions Excellent- You can get 75% of marks in each question Starter – give me 5 • Kinetic particle theory REVISION OF P1

5. Learning Outcomes: Good- know the key facts in the physics module EBI- You can apply what we recap to past paper questions Excellent- You can get 75% of marks in each question Kinetic particle theory The next few slides will give you all of the information that you need for a question about kinetic particle theory. Make sure you make a note of anything that you’re not sure of KINETIC PARTICLE THEORY

6. Learning Outcomes: Good- know the key facts in the physics module EBI- You can apply what we recap to past paper questions Excellent- You can get 75% of marks in each question Translate • You are going to see 3 slides with information about the 3 states of matter. • Translate the information you see into your own words, so that you will be able to remember all of the key facts. KINETIC PARTICLE THEORY

7. Learning Outcomes: Good- know the key facts in the physics module EBI- You can apply what we recap to past paper questions Excellent- You can get 75% of marks in each question solids • Particles vibrate in a fixed position • Strong bonds between particles • Particles are close together • Regular pattern in the arrangement • Solids can’t be compressed as the particles have no space to move into and they have a fixed shape as the particles can’t move from place to place KINETIC PARTICLE THEORY

8. Learning Outcomes: Good- know the key facts in the physics module EBI- You can apply what we recap to past paper questions Excellent- You can get 75% of marks in each question liquids • Particles vibrate and move around each other • Weaker bonds between particles • Particles are close together in a random arrangement • Liquids can’t be compressed as the particles have no space to move into but they can change their shape to match the container that they are in as the particles can move around each other KINETIC PARTICLE THEORY

9. Learning Outcomes: Good- know the key facts in the physics module EBI- You can apply what we recap to past paper questions Excellent- You can get 75% of marks in each question gases • Particles move quickly in any direction • No bonds between particles • Particles are far apart • Random pattern in the arrangement • Gases can be compressed or squashed as they have plenty of space to move into. They also flow and completely fill their container as their particles move quickly in all directions. KINETIC PARTICLE THEORY

10. Learning Outcomes: Good- know the key facts in the physics module EBI- You can apply what we recap to past paper questions Excellent- You can get 75% of marks in each question PROGRESS CHECK - Particle model • In pairs, design a way that we could use 7 people in order to represent each stage of the kinetic particle theory. • I’ll be choosing THREE pairs at random to demonstrate their model so make sure you ask me if you are struggling with this task KINETIC PARTICLE THEORY

11. Learning Outcomes: Good- know the key facts in the physics module EBI- You can apply what we recap to past paper questions Excellent- You can get 75% of marks in each question Kinetic theory Examiner’s tip Be able to describe the arrangement and movement of particles in solids, liquids and gases KINETIC PARTICLE THEORY

12. Past paper question KINETIC PARTICLE THEORY solid gas solid

13. Past paper question KINETIC PARTICLE THEORY The marbles model act as molecules / atoms Molecules leaving a liquid = evaporation OR marbles leaving tray = evaporation

14. Past paper question KINETIC PARTICLE THEORY To evaporate the alcohol requires energy This energy (heat) is taken from the skin and the skin feels cold

15. Past paper question KINETIC PARTICLE THEORY

16. Past paper question There are attractive forces between molecules. Only the fastest molecules have enough energy to break away from other molecules. These molecules escape from the surface of the liquid. Therefore the average speed / energy of the remaining molecules goes down. The lower the average speed / energy of molecules the lower the temperature of the liquid. KINETIC PARTICLE THEORY

17. Learning Outcomes: Good- know the key facts in the physics module EBI- You can apply what we recap to past paper questions Excellent- You can get 75% of marks in each question PROGRESS CHECK KINETIC PARTICLE THEORY

18. Plenary – you’re the examiner Using the examiners tip below, make your own 6 mark question (part of it can be multiple choice) and create your own mark scheme that you’ll use to test someone else in the class “Be able to describe the arrangement and movement of particles in solids, liquids and gases” KINETIC PARTICLE THEORY

19. Learning outcomes • Good- know the key facts in the physics module • EBI- You can apply what we recap to past paper questions • Excellent- You can get 75% of marks in each question REVISION OF P1

20. Learning Outcomes: Good- know the key facts in the physics module EBI- You can apply what we recap to past paper questions Excellent- You can get 75% of marks in each question StarterTHINK, PAIR, SHARE “The three methods of heat transfer are...” TRANSFER OF ENERGY

21. Quick note Quickly jot down any information that you do not know from the next 8 slides. If you are happy with the information, try and change it into a maximum of 3 sentences TRANSFER OF ENERGY

22. Conduction – key facts DO NOT COPY ALL OF THIS Metals are good conductors Non-metals and gases are poor conductors Free electrons are able to move about in metals and the part of the metal atoms that are left behind are charged metal ions These metal ions are packed closely together and vibrate all the time The hotter the metal, the faster the vibrations of the ions This kinetic energy is then transferred from the hotter parts of the metal to the cooler parts of the metal by the free electrons as they collide with the ions as they move about TRANSFER OF ENERGY

23. Convection – key facts DO NOT COPY ALL OF THIS Liquids and gases are fluids When they are heated, they expand as the particles move faster The liquid or gas then becomes less dense as the particles take up more space but they are still the same size The liquid or gas in hot areas is less dense than the liquid or gas in cold areas, so it rises into the cold areas. The denser cold liquid or gas falls into the warm areas. This cycle continues until the heat source is removed The wind is caused by convection currents from the Earth being heated by the sun TRANSFER OF ENERGY

24. Radiation – key facts DO NOT COPY ALL OF THIS All objects emit (give out) and absorb (take in) thermal radiation (infrared radiation) The hotter the object, the more infrared radiation given off Infrared radiation is a type of EM radiation so it travels in waves and can travel in a vacuum Dark, matt materials are good absorbers and emitters of infrared radiation Light, shiny materials are poor absorbers and emitters of infrared radiation TRANSFER OF ENERGY

25. Evaporation – key facts DO NOT COPY ALL OF THIS The particles in a liquid have different energies Some will have enough energy to escape from the liquid and become a gas. The remaining particles in the liquid have a lower average kinetic energy than before, so the liquid cools down as evaporation happens. This is why sweating cools you down. The sweat absorbs energy from your skin so that it can continue to evaporate. TRANSFER OF ENERGY

26. Condensation – key facts DO NOT COPY ALL OF THIS The particles in a gas have different energies. Some may not have enough energy to remain as separate particles, particularly if the gas is cooled down. They come close together and bonds form between them. Energy is released when this happens. This is why steam touching your skin can cause scalds: not only is the steam hot, but energy is released into your skin as the steam condenses. TRANSFER OF ENERGY

27. Factors affecting condensation and evaporation – key facts DO NOT COPY ALL OF THIS Condensation happens faster if the temperature of the gas is lowered Evaporation happens faster if the liquid is increased. Evaporation happens faster if the surface area is increased Evaporation happens faster if air is moving over the surface of the liquid TRANSFER OF ENERGY

28. Factors affecting heat transfer key facts DO NOT COPY ALL OF THIS Bigger temperature difference -> the faster the heat transfer Larger surface area -> the faster the heat transfer Larger volume -> the faster the heat transfer Some materials either increase / decrease heat transfer TRANSFER OF ENERGY

29. Heat transfer in action DO NOT COPY ALL OF THIS Small animals have a large surface area to volume ratio so the lose heat quickly Large animals have a low surface area to volume ratio so lose heat slowly Arctic fox has small ears to lose heat slowly Fennec fox has large ears to lose heat quickly Car radiators are flat with many fins so they lose heat quickly Household radiators are thin, flat, sometimes with fins, in order to give heat to the room quickly TRANSFER OF ENERGY

30. Learning Outcomes: Good- know the key facts in the physics module EBI- You can apply what we recap to past paper questions Excellent- You can get 75% of marks in each question PROGRESS CHECK TRANSFER OF ENERGY

31. TRANSFER OF ENERGY Energy needed to produce evaporation comes from the body This stops the body temperature rising

32. Past paper question TRANSFER OF ENERGY The silver space blanket reflects energy back to the runner This reduces the energy transferred from the body by radiation

33. TRANSFER OF ENERGY transfer of energy by waves / infrared Ions gain kinetic energy Energy is transferred to cooler parts of the metal by free electrons

34. Water particles at the bottom are heated Water particles move faster The warmer water expands (becomes less dense) The warm water rises / cold water falls to take its place TRANSFER OF ENERGY

35. Examiner's TIPS • Know that air is an excellent insulator and examples of insulation materials using trapped air. • Be able to explain why evaporation causes the surroundings to cool. • Know the factors affecting the rate at which an object transfers energy by heating and applications of this. • Know how the nature of a surface affects the amount of infrared emitted. • Understand the difference between an object emitting infrared radiation and absorbing infrared radiation. TRANSFER OF ENERGY

36. Learning outcomes • Good- know the key facts in the physics module • EBI- You can apply what we recap to past paper questions • Excellent- You can get 75% of marks in each question REVISION OF P1

37. Learning Outcomes: Good- know the key facts in the physics module EBI- You can apply what we recap to past paper questions Excellent- You can get 75% of marks in each question StarterTHINK, PAIR, SHARE Why do we need to reduce heat loss in the home? HEAT AND THE HOME

38. HEAT AND THE HOME In order to save money, people can change the materials used in housing. E.g. The materials used for their windows Energy-saving solutions cost money to buy and install. The payback time of an energy-saving solution is a measure of how cost-effective it is. Here is the equation to calculate payback time: Payback time (years) = cost of installation (£) ÷ savings per year in fuel costs (£) If the payback time is too long, the energy-saving solution is not cost-effective HEAT AND THE HOME

39. Heat AND THE HOME Specific heat capacity of materials can be found by using the formula: E = m × c × ө This tells us how much energy is needed to increase the temperature of 1kg by one degree Celsius The higher the specific heat capacity, the more energy the material can store (e.g. water) Materials have a U-value which tells us how well heat travels through a material The lower the U-value, the better it is at insulating HEAT AND THE HOME

40. HEAT AND THE HOME

41. 1 HEAT AND THE HOME 3 and 4 OR 1 and 2 U-values for the 20 mm windows are the same or higher than those for the 16 mm windows So the 20 mm windows are no more energy efficient than 16 mm windows

42. HEAT AND THE HOME 1 and 2

43. HEAT AND THE HOME Type B glass transmits less infrared than Type A glass As infrared has a heating effect the conservatory will remain cooler

44. Examiner's TIPS • Know that air is an excellent insulator and examples of insulation materials using trapped air. • Be able to explain why evaporation causes the surroundings to cool. • Know the factors affecting the rate at which an object transfers energy by heating and applications of this. • Know how the nature of a surface affects the amount of infrared emitted. • Understand the difference between an object emitting infrared radiation and absorbing infrared radiation. HEAT AND THE HOME

45. Plenary – you’re the examiner Using the examiners tips from the previous slide to make your own 6 mark question (part of it can be multiple choice) and create your own mark scheme that you’ll use to test someone else in the class HEAT AND THE HOME

46. Learning outcomes • Good- know the key facts in the physics module • EBI- You can apply what we recap to past paper questions • Excellent- You can get 75% of marks in each question REVISION OF P1

47. Energy efficiency Most Kids Hate Learning GCSE Energy Names • Magnetic • Kinetic (movement energy) • Heat (thermal energy) • Light • Gravitational potential • Chemical • Sound • Electrical • Elastic potential • Nuclear ENERGY EFFICIENCY

48. Energy efficiency Wasted ENERGY EFFICIENCY Input Useful

49. Energy efficiency Wasted ENERGY EFFICIENCY Input Useful

50. Energy efficiency Wasted ENERGY EFFICIENCY Input Useful