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P1 Skills Revision Lecture

P1 Skills Revision Lecture . Question Analysis Introduction & Conclusion. Anatomy of an Essay Question. Essay Question. Content. Context. Invite. Concept / Issue. Examiners’ Comments. …the central issue of the question needed to be at the forefront of the answer.

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P1 Skills Revision Lecture

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  1. P1 Skills Revision Lecture Question Analysis Introduction & Conclusion

  2. Anatomy of an Essay Question Essay Question Content Context Invite Concept / Issue

  3. Examiners’ Comments • …the central issue of the question needed to be at the forefront of the answer. • Candidates try to find the most suitable question to adapt ready-made ideas and arguments. • Good candidates will tailor the material in an original way, deploying relevant examples …in order to answer the question set.

  4. Sample 1 Content JJC Prelim 2010 Qns 11: Invite Is it true that modern life breeds aggressiveness? Context Concept / Issue

  5. Sample 2 GCE A Level Qns 10: ‘Contemporary music has no artistic value.’ Is this a fair comment? Concept/Issue Invite Content & Context

  6. Making Sense of the QuestionSample 1 Step 1. Establish what the keywords mean. • Modern Life – What are the characteristics of modern life? Any unique features that are distinct from the past? • Breeds – What does it mean? Propagate, multiply, produce, trigger, generate, cause. Do these words differ? • Aggressiveness – Is it violence, fierceness, belligerence, hostility, antagonism? How are these displayed? What causes violence? Why do people have such tendencies?

  7. Making Sense of the Question Step 2. Ask questions about the Question. • How is hostility manifested? • Are there any recent changes or features of modern life that contribute to the spread of violence or hostility? • Is the inclination towards hostility unique to modern life or has it been present throughout human development? • What aggravates this tendency for hostility in modern times? • Could the contrary be true? Is modern life more civilised and less violent?

  8. Pertinent Responses to the Question Step 3. With these questions in mind, consider what possible responses there could be. • Modern life is the corrupt engine that brings out the worse in people. • Modern accomplishments have tamed the violent spirit and brought calm and peace to our civilisation. • Aggressiveness is embedded in the genetic blueprint of the human species. Modern life is a magnificent showcase of that trait.

  9. Planning the Line of Argument Step 4. Consider the responses and arrange them in a LOGICAL ORDER. Work in LINKAGES along the way. 1) Modern accomplishments have tamed the violent spirit and brought calm and peace to our civilisation.  In this section you could include notes on our violent past. Explain progress made in the expansion of resources and means of distribution. Economic conquest as a substitute of political / territorial expansion. Soft power at its height.

  10. Planning the Line of Argument Step 4. Consider the responses and arrange them in a LOGICAL ORDER. Work in LINKAGES along the way.  But there are prominent features that are unique to modern life. These create platforms for violence. 2) Modern life is the corrupt engine that brings out the worse in people.  Globalisation, IT & connectivity, resource strain – cross-cultural strains, economic competitiveness, convenience and anonymity of online platforms

  11. Planning the Line of Argument Step 4. Consider the responses and arrange them in a LOGICAL ORDER. Work in LINKAGES along the way.  While some gratifying progress are noted, many more disturbing trends have emerged. The avenues for the display of aggression have increased and taken on more insidious forms…Perhaps (concluding sentiments) 3) Aggressiveness is embedded in the genetic blueprint of the human species. Modern life is merely a magnificent showcase of that trait. Though not the main cause, there are now many more ways hostility may be triggered and displayed.

  12. Making Sense of the QuestionSample 2 Step 1. Establish what the keywords mean. • Contemporary music – What does contemporary music include? What other types of music are there? What is contemporary music frequently compared to? • Artistic value – How is artistic value determined? Is it shared by all? Who sets the standard? • Has no artistic value – Who levies such a judgement? Where does that authority come from? Is such a view right? Why? Why not?

  13. Making Sense of the Question Step 2. Ask questions about the Question. • Is contemporary music well received? Why? • What is the alternative to contemporary music? How is that regarded? Why? • Are the two (or more) forms of music necessarily at odds? • Why would anyone pass such harsh judgements on contemporary music? What might that attitude be? Does everyone agree? • Who sets the standard for artistic value? Is there only one way to measure artistic value?

  14. Pertinent Responses to the Question Step 3. With these questions in mind, consider what possible responses there could be. 1) Contemporary music is music for commoners. Some are junk. Not serious, not skilful, no quality. 2) Contemporary music has artistic value. Just not the same standard. Lots of people enjoy contemporary music. 3) It is chauvinistic to dismiss contemporary music altogether. Such prejudice is not desirable and stifles artistic expression and development.

  15. Planning the Line of Argument Step 4. Consider the responses and arrange them in a LOGICAL ORDER. Work in LINKAGES along the way. • Contemporary music has artistic value. Just not necessarily the same standard. Lots of people enjoy contemporary music. •  Artistic value – determined by quality ascribed by people who enjoy that art form. Quality determined by how music is able to evoke the right mood, sentiments. Expressing innermost feelings; also by a how many people appreciates it.

  16. Planning the Line of Argument Step 4. Consider the responses and arrange them in a LOGICAL ORDER. Work in LINKAGES along the way. • Some feel that • 2) Contemporary music is music for commoners. Others levy harsh judgements likening contemporary music to junk. • Not serious music, merely noise. Not skilfully created and performed, merely packaged for commercial purposes. Hence, no quality. •  Only classical music is revered as a true art form. Represents high culture. Skills required to perform such music are refined. People spend years ‘perfecting’ them.

  17. Planning the Line of Argument Step 4. Consider the responses and arrange them in a LOGICAL ORDER. Work in LINKAGES along the way. • Acknowledging only one standard narrows one’s ability to appreciate music. There is a wide repertoire of music that appeals to different people with very different moods. • 3) It is chauvinistic to dismiss contemporary music • altogether. Such prejudice is not desirable and stifles • artistic expression and development.

  18. Planning the Line of Argument Step 4. Consider the responses and arrange them in a LOGICAL ORDER. Work in LINKAGES along the way.  As media evolves, such a prejudiced view may find increasing fewer supporters. Modern society basks in a rich diverse environment inhabited by people with varied identities and needs. A more liberal attitude would have greater resonance with the current generation. Conclusion

  19. Introduction and Conclusion Focus on: • Making sense of the key words. • Highlighting the issues of concern. • Encapsulating the various considerations one needs to think through / various likely responses. • Drawing a logical, measured outcome. • Using relevant quotes / key event / trend that demonstrate your view where appropriate.

  20. Introduction and Conclusion • The two should mirror one another. • But, the Introduction sets up the considerations; (like you are thinking hard about the issues) • While the conclusion draws them to a close (like you have made up your mind, come to the end of the ‘story’)

  21. Sample 2 - Introduction • ‘Artistic value’ is the judgement of the perceived quality of cultural products as works of art. The quality of a work of art is largely based on the artistic merit that people attach to it. • As such the view that ‘contemporary music has no artistic value’ represents a highly chauvinistic and possibly insulated perspective. • At the most liberal level, so long as one finds pleasure in listening to the music that is played, it is art for the one who enjoys it. • For the professionals and those immersed in high culture, strict criteria define the boundaries of plain music and the types that qualify as an art form.

  22. Sample 2 - Conclusion • Could the condemnatory judgement that ‘contemporary music has no artistic value’ be the voice of those struggling to perpetuate the existence of class stratification in an arena where it ought not to be featured in the first place? They certainly seem to be fighting for a lost cause. • The modern world seems happy to be immersed in the rich repertoire of music of all kinds, meant to pleasure diverse groups of people seeking to portray ever-changing identities in the 21st century. • Whatever one’s preference may be, one ‘truth’ remains - “after silence that which comes nearest to expressing the inexpressible is music.” (Aldous Huxley)

  23. That’s all Folks…Ms Patricia Lim 

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