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Pre-Columbian Civilizations In the Americas

Pre-Columbian Civilizations In the Americas. Robert Wade and Dina Beck AP World History. Early Human Migrations. Sculpture from the Americas. Origins of the Peoples of the Americas?. Major Pre-Columbian Civilizations. The Mayans. Lands of the Mayans. The Yucatan Peninsula.

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Pre-Columbian Civilizations In the Americas

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  1. Pre-Columbian Civilizations In the Americas Robert Wade and Dina Beck AP World History

  2. Early Human Migrations

  3. Sculpture from the Americas Origins of the Peoples of the Americas?

  4. Major Pre-Columbian Civilizations

  5. The Mayans

  6. Lands of the Mayans The Yucatan Peninsula

  7. 50+ city states written language, calendar, mathematics, astronomy Dec. 22, 2016 monumental architecture neolithic technology Classical Mayan Cutlure

  8. Tikal, Copan, Palenque, Chichen Itza 30,-80,000 people intensive agriculture dense population Cities as Religious Centers

  9. 700-900 A.D. invasion from the north? Warfare between cities environmental collapse? Mayan collapse

  10. most cities vanished “Mexicanized” groups took over some cities rise of the Toltecs area of Teotihuacan Mayan Collapse

  11. Chichen-Itza - Pyramid

  12. Chichen-Itza - Observatory

  13. Chichen-Itza - Ball Court

  14. Mayan Cultivation of Maize Chac, God of Rain 

  15. Mayan Underground Granaries: Chultunes

  16. Overview of Tikal (Guatemala) Temple of the Masks

  17. Tikal Jungle View at Sunset

  18. Tikal - Main Court

  19. Tikal: Temple of the Masks

  20. Tikal - Wall Mask of the Rain God

  21. Mayan Glyphs sky king house child city Mayan Mathematics

  22. Mayan Glyphs

  23. Mayan Drinking Cup for Chocolate

  24. Pakal: The Maya Astronaut

  25. Quetzalcoatl:The God of Wisdom & Learning

  26. The Aztecs

  27. Toltecs came first and ended in 1150 Honored Quetzalcoatl, the feathered serpent god Topiltzin – involved in power struggle and exiled-said he would come back Aztecs – took power in vacuum left by the fall of the Toltec's Worshiped Quetzalcoatl and others New Cultures

  28. adopted sedentary agricultural practices added a strong military and imperial culture conquest of neighboring peoples ritual wars war....capture...sacrifice “givers of civilization” The Toltecs

  29. central Mexico expansion into former Mayan territories northern Mexico trade with the American Southwest Chaco Canyon ??? Toltec empire

  30. collapse of the Toltecs: 1150 A.D. influx of nomadic invaders form the north shift of power to central Mexico and the Yucatan Peninsula large lakes fertile agricultural areas contests for control The Aztecs

  31. obscure background claimed to have live in the area originally exiled to the north to Aztlan actually, nomads from the North took advantage of the Toltec collapse wrote history to suit their purposes The Aztecs: Origins

  32. group who settled near Lake Texcoco 1325 A.D. competed with other Chichimec immigrants small states claiming connections to the Toltecs speaking Nahuatl Origins

  33. several tribes small city-state Azcapotzalco, Culhuacan Culhuacan: control by diplomatic marriage complex alliances, constantly shifting Lake Texcoco

  34. new group used as mercenaries and occasional allies constant movement around the lake shore driven by stronger powers reputation: good warriors and religious fanatics Aztecs

  35. the legend: an eagle on a cactus, holding a rattlesnake an island in Lake Texcoco Tenochtitlan 1325 A.D. Tlateloco: a second settlement Aztec Settlement

  36. more active role in regional politics rebelled against Azcapotzalco emerged as an independent power political merge: 1434 Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, Tlacopan Aztecs dominated the alliance Aztec expansion

  37. imperial expansion subject peoples paid tribute, surrender land, and do military service stratified society under the authority of a supreme ruler Tlacaelel: advised rulers and rewrote histories the Aztecs had been chosen to serve the gods human sacrifice greatly expanded Social and Political Change

  38. role of the military role of expansion flower wars means of political terrorism cult of sacrifice united with the political state Human sacrifice

  39. little distinction between the natural and supernatural traditional gods and goddesses 128 major deities Religion and Conquest

  40. male/female dualism different manifestations five aspects four directions the center gods as patrons complex ceremonial year Gods

  41. gods of fertility and agriculture gods of creation cosmology and philosophical thought gods of warfare Huitzilopochtli: their tribal deity identified with the Sun God Gods, con’t

  42. a warrior in the daytime sky fighting to give life to the world enemy of the forces of night the sun needs strength 52 year cycle of the world required blood to avert destruction The Sun God and Sacrifice

  43. sacrifice for sacrifice the gods need nourishment human blood and hearts adoption of longstanding human sacrifice expansion to “industrial” proportions 10,000 people on one occasion The Sun God, con’t

  44. high population density combination of tradition and innovation chinampas 20,000 acres four crops a year food as tribute The Empire: the Economy

  45. Lands of the Aztecs

  46. Aztec View of Tenochtitlan

  47. Ruins of the City Center, Tenochtitlan

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