National Defense

1. National Defense National Security

3. U.S. Constitution • Article 1 section 8 Scope of Legislative Power (18 clauses) • To … provide for the common Defence(sic) and general Welfare of the United States • To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offenses against the law of nations • To declare war…. • To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years • To provide and maintain a navy • To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces • To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions • To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;

4. U.S. Constitution • Article 1 section 8 Scope of Legislative Power (18 clauses) • To … provide for the common Defence(sic) and general Welfare of the United States • To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offenses against the law of nations • To declare war…. • To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years • To provide and maintain a navy • To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces • To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions • To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress; The War Power

5. Arctic Strategy (Department of Defense, Nov. 2013) • U.S.-China Military Contacts: Issues for Congress (Congressional Research Service Nov. 20, 2013 • Minnesota defense companies retool for future (Star Tribune June 10, 2012) • Department of Defense Contractors in Afghanistan and Iraq: Background and Analysis (CRS, May 13, 2011) • Drones (PBS Jan. 23, 2013) • Iran’s nuclear Program (New York Times Nov. 6, 2013) • Afghanistan • Guantanamo • United States: The Time has Come to Ban Landmines (Human Rights Watch March 1, 2013) • Immigration and National Security Post-Sept. 11: Updated Chronology (Migration Information Source) • Support for military justice reform is bipartisan, but not unanimous (Kansas City Star Nov. 23, 213 • Marines Reduce Philippine Relief Operations (DoD Nov. 25, 2013)

6. National Security Act of 1947 • a major restructuring of the United States government's military and intelligence agencies following World War II • merged the Department of War (renamed as the Department of the Army) and the Department of the Navy into the National Military Establishment (NME), headed by the Secretary of Defense • created the Department of the Air Force, previously the United States Army Air Forces • Amended on August 10, 1949, to ensure their subordination to the Secretary of Defense • the NME was renamed as the Department of Defense thus unifying the Army, Navy, and Air Force • established the National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency

7. National Security Council • The President's principal forum for considering national security and foreign policy matters with his senior national security advisors and cabinet officials • Since its inception under President Truman, the Council's function has been to advise and assist the President on national security and foreign policies • The Council also serves as the President's principal arm for coordinating these policies among various government agencies • Cyber Security

8. Central Intelligence Agency • An independent US government agency responsible for providing national security intelligence to senior US policymakers • The Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (D/CIA) is nominated by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate • The Director manages the operations, personnel, and budget of the Central Intelligence Agency • Divided into • National Clandestine Service • Directorate of Intelligence • Directorate of Science & Technology • Directorate of Support

9. Legislation • 6 USC Domestic Security • 10 USC Armed Forces • Uniform Code of Military Justice • 14 USC Coastguard • 22 USC Foreign Relations and Intercourse • Foreign Assistance • Military Assistance and Sales • Declaration of Policy see section 2301 • 32 USC National Guard • 33 USC Navigation and Navigable Waters • 38 USC Veterans Benefits • 41 USC Public Contracts • 50 USC War and Defense

10. Department of Defense • Mission. To provide the military forces needed to deter war and to protect the security of our country • Department's headquarters is at the Pentagon • America's oldest and largest government agency tracing its roots back to pre-Revolutionary times • With over 1.4 million men and women on active duty, and 718,000 civilian personnel, the nation's largest employer • Another 1.1 million serve in the National Guard and Reserve forces • More than 2 million military retirees and their family members receive benefits • Department employs a civilian force of thousands

11. Department of Defense • manages an inventory of installations and facilities • The Department’s physical plant consists of more than several hundred thousand individual buildings and structures located at more than 5,000 different locations or sites • sites range from the very small in size such as unoccupied sites supporting a single navigational aid that sit on less than one-half acre, to the Army's vast White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico with over 3.6 million acres, or the Navy’s large complex of installations at Norfolk, Virginia with more than 78,000 employees • Department of Defense utilizes over 30 million acres of land in the US

12. Regulations (CFR) • Title 6 - Domestic Security – Department of Homeland Security • Title 8 - Aliens and Nationality – Homeland Security, Immigration Review DOJ • Title 22 - Foreign Relations • Title 32 - National Defense • Office of the Secretary of Defense • Department of the Army • Department of the Navy • Department of the Air Force • Other Regulations Relating to National Defense • Title 33 - Navigation and Navigable Waters • Title 41 - Public Contracts and Property Management • Title 48 - Federal Acquisition Regulations System

13. Judicial Opinions • Challenges to statutory and regulatory provisions made in the US federal court system • See USCS – Unite States Code Service – and annotated Code accessed via LexisNexis Academic

14. Judicial Opinions • Uniform Code of Military Justice (Wikipedia) • Military Justice: Courts-Martial, an Overview (CRS Aug. 12, 2103) • National Institute ofMilitary Justice • US Army Judge Advocate General • US Air Force Judge Advocate General • USCG: Office of the Judge Advocate General  • U.S. Navy Judge Advocate General's Corps • Marine Corps Judge Advocate

15. Military Industrial Complex • Term used to refer to the relationships between  • Congress and the armed forces, and • the “private” commercial-industrial base that produces the good and provides the service to supports them • These relationships include • military spending, • political contributions and other forms of lobbying to support both Congressional members, the Defense departments, and the commercial-industrial base • oversight of the industry • Gained popularity after its use in the farewell address of President Dwight D. Eisenhower on January 17, 1961

16. Business & DOD • Defense Innovation Marketplace • Guide to Business & DOD • Information Technology Exchange Program • Contract Opportunities • Grant Opportunities • For Small Businesses • Contract Announcements - Contracts valued at $6.5 million or more are announced each business day at 5 p.m. • List of United States Defense Contractors (Wikipedia)

17. Private military company (Wikipedia) • 1989 United Nations Mercenary Convention • In December, 2006, in Iraq estimated 100,000 contractors working directly for the DoDa tenfold increase in the use of private contractors for military operations since the Persian Gulf War a decade earlier • The prevalence of PMCs has led to the foundation of trade group the Private Security Company Association of Iraq • In Iraq, the issue of accountability, especially in the case of contractors carrying weapons is a sensitive one • Iraqi laws has no authority over contractors • Coalition Provisional Authority Order 17 • Iraq: Blackwater staff to face charges (CNN.com Sept. 23, 2007) • Civilian Contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan

18. Organization • Office of the Secretary of Defense • Department of the Army • Department of the Navy • The Navy • The Marine Corps • Department of the Air Force • Joint Chiefs of Staff • Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff • Combatant Commands

19. Joint Chiefs of Staff • The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is the principal military adviser to the President, Secretary of Defense, and the National Security Council (NSC) • all JCS members are by law military advisers, and may respond to a request or voluntarily submit, through the Chairman, advice or opinions to the President, the Secretary of Defense, or NSC.

20. Division of DoD • Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency • Defense Commissary Agency • Defense Contract Audit Agency - provides audit and financial advisory services to Department of Defense (DoD) and other federal entities responsible for acquisition and contract administration • Defense Contract Management Agency works directly with Defense suppliers to help ensure that DoD, Federal, and allied government supplies and services are delivered on time, at projected cost, and meet all performance requirements • Defense Finance and Accounting Service providing payment services for DoD

21. Division of DoD • Defense Information Systems Agency a combat support agency of the Department of Defense (DoD). The agency is composed of nearly 6,000 civilian employees; more than 1,500 active duty military personnel from the Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps; and approximately 7,500 defense contractors. • The agency provides, operates, and assures command and control and information-sharing capabilities and a globally accessible enterprise information infrastructure in direct support to joint warfighters, national level leaders, and other mission and coalition partners across the full spectrum of military operations.

22. Division of DoD • Defense Intelligence Agency a combat support agency comprising more than 16,500 military and civilian employees worldwide; a major producer and manager of foreign military intelligence; providing military intelligence to warfighters, defense policymakers and force planners • Defense Legal Services Agency provides legal advice and services to various components of the Department of Defense and administers programs governing military standards of conduct • Defense Logistics Agency – the largest logistics combat support agency, providing worldwide logistics support in both peacetime and wartime to the military services as well as several civilian agencies and foreign countries; employs about 27,000 employees; headquarters is at Fort Belvoir, in Northern Virginia

23. Division of DoD • Defense Security Cooperation Agency • Foreign Military Sales • Major Arms Sales • Foreign Military Financing • Humanitarian Assistance • Defense Security Service • Defense Threat Reduction Agency • Missile Defense Agency • National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency • National Reconnaissance Office • National Security Agency/Central Security Service • Pentagon Force Protection Agency

24. US Air Force • Air Force Fact Sheets on Air Force weapons, organizations, inventory, careers and equipment. Air Force fact sheets contain up to date information and statistics • Air Force sites • Air Force Reserve • Air National Guard

25. US Army • News • Current operations • Soldiers – the official US Army Magazine • Army Reserve • Army National Guard

26. US Marine Corps • First female Marines graduate infantry training (Marines Blog)

27. National Guard • About the National Guard • I am the Guard • News • Minnesota National Guard • 133rd Airlift Wing • 148th Fighter Wing

28. Reserve Forces • Army Reserve • America’s Navy Reserve • Air Force Reserve • evolved from a "stand by" force for emergencies into a Major Command (MAJCOM) of the active duty Air Force. • currently performs about 20 percent of the work of the Air Force, including traditional flying missions and other more specialized missions, such as Weather Reconnaissance, Aerial Fire Fighting and Personnel Recovery

29. US Coast Guard • only military organization in the Department of Homeland Security • Since 1790 the Coast Guard has safeguarded our Nation's maritime interests around the world • Welcome to the Ninth Coast Guard District • U.S. Coast Guard Great Lakes Maritime Strategy • Doing Business with Us • Doing Business Fact Sheet

30. Defense Base Closure and Realignment Commission (Wikipedia) • The Defense Base Realignment and Closure Act of 1990 provided "the basic framework for the transfer and disposal of military installations closed during the base realignment and closure (BRAC) process". • The process was created in 1988 to reduce pork barrel politics with members of Congress that arise when facilities face activity reductions • Defense Base Closure and Realignment Commission • By law the Commission will provide an objective, non-partisan, and independent review and analysis of the list of military installation recommendations issued by the Department of Defense (DoD) on May 13, 2005 • Final Report to the President • Congressional Research Service Reports on BRAC

31. Overseas Military Bases • U.S. Military Base Locations (NASAA) • The Worldwide Network of US Military Bases (Centre for Research on Globalization) • Tomgram: Nick Turse, The Pentagon's Planet of Bases (Jan 9, 2011) • US reportedly footing more of the bill for overseas bases (Fox News April 17, 2013) • Overseas Basing of U.S. Military Forces (Rand Corporation nd) • Contractors Raked in $385 Billion on Overseas Bases in 12 Years (Mother Jones May 14, 2013) • Army post locations (US Army)

32. Department of Homeland Security • Creation of the Department of Homeland Security • Proposal to Create the Department of Homeland Security June 2002 • Homeland Security Act of 2002 - (Public Law 107-296), November 25, 2002 • Who Became Part of the Department? - January 2003 • Organization • Transportation Safety Administration • U.S. Customs and Border Protection • U.S. Immigration and Custom • Federal Emergency Management Agency • U.S. Coast Guard • U.S. Secret Service

33. Biological and Chemical Weapons(Federation of American Scientists) • Chemical Weapons (UN Office for Disarmament Affairs) • The U.S. Army Chemical Materials Activity - Creating a Safer .. • U.S. Chemical Weapons Convention Implementing Legislation • The United States is still getting rid of its chemical weapons - CNN.com • Army scrapping 4 US chemical weapons incinerators (Yahoo News Nov. 16 2013) • Revealed: Private companies making a killing destroying Syria's chemical weapons (The Independent Nov 25, 2013)

34. Nuclear Weapons • Nuclear Weapons (United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs) • News “Nuclear Weapons” (Google) • Nuclear Weapons: Who Has What at a Glance (Arms Control Association) • The Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (Nobelprize.org) • Nuclear Weapons (Sandia National Laboratories)

35. Department of State • To advance freedom for the benefit of the American people and the international community by helping to build and sustain a more democratic, secure, and prosperous world composed of well-governed states that respond to the needs of their people, reduce widespread poverty, and act responsibly within the international system • Organization • Policy Issues • Arms Control and International Security • Civil Security & Democracy • Assistance & Development

36. Other security issues • Food Security in the US • Global Food Security • Bioterrorism