Principles, Standards & Practices

1. Principles, Standards & Practices Foundations of Recreation, Parks, Tourism And Leisure Services

2. Wisdom grows as knowledge shrinks, and facts are swallowed up in principles. --Dr. Edsko Jerry Dyksterhuis Texas A&M University, 1968

3. What is Knowledge • Plato defined knowledge as "justified true belief". • It is expertise, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education. • The term knowledge is used to mean the confident understanding of a subject with the ability to use it for an appropriate application or purpose.

4. What is Wisdom? • Accumulated knowledge, gained through a combination of academic study and personal experience, that goes beyond knowledge by representing broader, more generalized rules and schemas for understanding a specific domain or domains; wisdom allows you to understand how to apply concepts from one domain to new situations or problems. • Source: myphliputil.pearsoncmg.com/student/bp_jessup_ist_1/JessupGlossary.html

5. accumulated knowledge or erudition or enlightenment • the trait of utilizing knowledge and experience with common sense and insight • ability to apply knowledge or experience or understanding or common sense and insight • the quality of being prudent and sensible • The ability to use knowledge for a purpose.

6. What is a Principle? • The Law of Nature by which a system operates. • A rule of conduct, especially of right conduct. • A fundamental truth, law, doctrine, or motivating force, upon which others are based. • Synonyms: rule, law, theory, notion, dogma, tenet, assumption

7. What is a Standard? • Something established for use as a rule or basis of comparison in measuring or judging capacity, quantity, content, extent, value, quality, etc. • Anything recognized as correct by common consent, by approved custom, or by those most competent to decide. • A level or grade of excellence or attainment, regarded as a goal or measure of adequacy • Synonyms: criterion, benchmark, model, paradigm, yardstick, pattern, measure

8. What is a Practice? • The exercise of a profession or occupation • A frequent or usual action, habit, or usage • The doing of something, often as an application of knowledge • Synonyms: custom, way, tradition, system, habit, routine, procedure, ritual

9. What are some examples of Principles? • Conduct— • Science & mathematics— • Nature & environment— • Society & Law—

10. What are some examples of Standards? • Quality— • Water • Air • Food Storage • Maintenance • Cars and Machinery • Home repairs • Parks--Acres per 1000 population

11. What are some examples of Practices? • Playground equipment— • Graffiti & Vandalism— • Drainage Erosion— • Golf courses— • Buildings • Interior • Exterior • Foundation

12. How are standards set? • Criteria Used • Safety • Aesthetics • Practicality, etc. • Who sets & determines extent of compliance? • Roles of Society and Law • What is included in a standard?

13. Written Statements of Principle • A principle is a linguistic statement—not a single word. “Safety” may imply the existence of a principle or set of principles, but the word itself does not constitute a statement of Principle. • “Safety of visitors and employees is of paramount importance in park/tourism management.” is a linguistic statement which defines an operating principle.

14. Sometimes, principles may be defined by a shorter catchy phrase such as “Graffiti begets graffiti.” • A more appropriate linguistic statement might be “The presence of graffiti or vandalism tends to promote or engender more of the same.”

15. Where can we find standards for maintenance? • Talk to professionals in the field • Books and periodicals, especially those with a professional orientation • The internet • Equipment suppliers • Laws, rules and regulations

16. What kinds of problems do we encounter in using standards? • Undefined measurements • Interpretation of the words used • Ambiguous or conflicting statements • Time when checked for compliance

17. Wisdom grows as knowledge shrinks, and facts are swallowed up in principles. --Dr. Edsko Jerry Dyksterhuis Texas A&M University, 1970

18. Check Your Understanding • Who founded the first institute of higher learning? Where? When? • How do the terms Wisdom and Knowledge differ? Define them and give an example. • How do the terms Principle, Standard, and Practice differ? Define each and give an example. • How are standards derived?

19. Who was Plato?

20. Did you study Plato? Or did you miss that class because of some unfortunate circumstances?

21. Is Plato Relevant Today?

22. Who was Plato? • A Greek philosopher taught by Socrates, his most famous pupil was Aristotle. • He founded the Academy in Athens in 387 BC, the first institution of higher learning, which was closed in 529 AD by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. • Remembered for his Dialogues.

23. The Key to the Class • (also the end of the show)