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Treaty of V ersailles

Treaty of V ersailles. Aims of the participants and peacemakers :. The United States : Woodrow Wilson gave a speech to Congress in January 1918 in which he presented his aims for a peace settlement . These aims became known as Wilson's 14 points .

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Treaty of V ersailles

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  1. Treaty of Versailles

  2. Aims of theparticipants and peacemakers: TheUnitedStates: • Woodrow Wilson gave a speechtoCongress in January 1918 in which he presentedhisaimsfor a peacesettlement. Theseaimsbecameknown as Wilson's 14 points. • Theaimswereidealistic. Wilson wantedtocreateworldpeacebyeliminatingwhat he thoughthadcausedthewar.  • Freedom of navigation • Democracy and nationalself-determination • Free trade • Stop treatiesthatwerebeingmade in secrecy • General disarmament • Createthe League of Nations • Wilson wantedtomakeGermanypaytosomeextentforcausingthewar and establish a period of probationafterwhichGermanywouldbeabletojointhe League of Nations. 

  3. Aims of theparticipants and peacemakers: France:  • suffereddisastrouslossesduringthewar and fearedthatGermanywouldattackagain in thefuture once ithadrebuilt a strongeconomy. Georges Clemenceauwas premier of France. • WantedtoweakenGermanybyplacingmanyrestrictionsonit • Extensivedemilitarisation of Germany • German territorial reductions • ReparationstoweakentheGermaneconomy and alsotopayforthedamageGermanyhadcaused.  • TheRhinelandtobetakenfromGermany and tobe set up as anindependentstate • Takethe Saar regionfromGermany as financialcompensation • Controle Luxembourg and Belgium • RegainAlsace-LorrainewhichhadbeenbyGermany in 1871 • Makethe West area of theRhine a Frenchpuppetstateincase of futureGermanattack • Wanted a guaranteedagreementwiththeUnitedStates and theUnitedKingdomtoform a firmalliance in case of a futureGermanattack. 

  4. Aims of theparticipants and peacemakers Britain:  • Promisesweremadebypoliticians in theDecember 1918 General ElectionsaboutmakingGermanypayforalltheloss and damageithadcaused.  • Germanytopayextensivereparations • Stop Germanyfromtacking control of Europe • Stop Germanyfrombecoming a potentialsource of conflict • Getride of theGermanfleet • Germanytoreturntheterritoriesithadtakenduringthewar • Self-Governmentforthenations of the Austro-HungarianEmpire and forthe non-TurkishpeoplewithintheOttomanEmpire • Thecreation of anindependentPolishstate • However, Britainwantedtorebuild a strongeconomybyrestoringEuropeanrelations and trade. Unlike France, BritainwantedGermaneconomicrecovery as BritainwouldbenefitgreatlyfromthetradewithGermanywhobefore 1914 was a veryimportantbuyer of British goods. • Wantedtokeepthe balance of powerwithinEuropestable • Didnotwant France toexpandbeyondAlsace-Lorraine and didnotsupport France in thedomination of Europe • Didnotwanttoform a guaranteedalliancewith France. Believed in freedom of action • Onlywantedtointerveneifthe balance of powerwasthreatened

  5. Aims of theparticipants and peacemakers Italy:  • Wantedtheterritoriesthathadbeenpromisedtoit in theTreaty of London • Theseincluded South Tyrol, Trentino, theDodecaneseIslands and Trieste • Didnottakeintoaccountnationalself-determination • WhenItalywasdeniedtheseterritoriesitwalkedout of theVersaillesConference. 

  6. Aims of theparticipants and peacemakers Japan:  • Wantedtoberecognisedforitsdominant position in China • Wantedpossession of theformerGermanterritories in China and thePacific • Wantedtosecure a largerempireforsecurity and economicstrength • Didnotsupportself-determination • Wantedtobeone of themajorpowers • Wanted racial equality in thepeacesettlement

  7. Terms of the T of V • Germanyhadtoagreetoacceptfull responsibilityfortheoutbreak of theFirstWorldWar Territorial loses: • The Saar administeredbythe League of Nations • Thecreation of anindependentPolishstate • West Prussia and Posen weregiventoPoland • Alsace-Lorrainewasgiven back to France • Danzig wasappointed as aninternationalcity • Plebiscites in Upper Silesia, West Prussia and Schleswig • Germanylostcolonies and investments MilitaryRestrictionsonGermany: • Wasonlyallowed a regular armythatwaslimitedto 100,000 militarypersonnel • Wasnotallowedanairforce and only a verysmallfleet • End of compulsoryenlistmentintothearmedforces • Rhinelandtobeoccupiedfor 15 yearsbythealliedmilitaryforces • Allcommissions in Germanycontrolledbythealliesuntil 1927 Reparations:  • Germanytopay £6,600 million (132 billiongoldmarks) • Reparationswheretobepaid in regular instalments, some in gold and some in goods • TheAlliesstruggledtogetpaymentsfromGermanyfrom 1921 to 1923 • DawesCommission 1924 • France tookoverRuhr in 1923 League of Nations:  • The USA refusedtojoinwhichweakenedthe league • Collectivesecurity • New mandate principles • Germany and thedefeatednationswere at firstleftout

  8. TheTreaty of StGermain • TheTreaty of StGermain • September 1919 • Treatywith Austria • Dalmatia, Slovenia and Bosnia weregivento Yugoslavia  • South Tyrol, Trentino, Trieste and IstriaweregiventoItaly • Bohemia and Moravia weregiventoCzechoslovakia • Galicia wasgiventoPoland • Bukovina wasgivento Romania • Austria wasnotallowedtounifywithGermany

  9. TheTreaty of Trianon • June 1920 • TreatywithHungary • Hungarylosses 2/3 of itsterritory • Slovakia and RutheniaweregiventoCzechoslovakia • Transylvaniawasgivento Romania • Burgenland wasgivento Austria • Slovenia and Croatiaweregivento Yugoslavia 

  10. TheTreaty of Neuilly • November 1919 • Treatywith Bulgaria • Western ThracewasgiventoGreece • Dobrudjawasgivento Romania • Northern Macedonia wasgivento Yugoslavia

  11. TheTreaty of Sevres • 1920 • TreatywithTurkey • TheStraits of theDardanellestobecontrolledbytheallies • Saudi Arabia becameindependent • Turkeylosttherightsto Sudan and Libya • Eastern Thrace and someTurkishAegeanIslandsweregiventoGreece • Mesopotamia, Palestine and Syriabecame League of Nation mandates and weretoberunby France and Britain. 

  12. TheTreaty of Lausanne • 1923 • Treaty of Sevreswasaltered at Lausanne • TheGreekswereexpelled • Constantinoplewasgiven back toTurkey

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