Scientific Classification of Plants

1. 17.00: Apply procedures used in horticultural plant identification including scientific classification Scientific Classification of Plants

2. Taxonomy The science of _classification_ and identifying plants Scientific names are used because the same common name is used for different plants in different areas of the world .

3. Karl von Linne Swedish botanist that developed the binomial system of naming plants using two Latin words to indicate the genus and species. Linne changed his name to the Latin name Carolus Linneaus.

4. Scientific Names Latin is the language used for scientific classification. The first word is the Genus and the second word is the species . If there are additional words, they indicate a variety or cultivar .

5. Genus vs. Species Plants in the same genus have similar characteristic . Plants in the same species consistently produce plants of the same type .

6. Scientific Classification The broadest category of scientific classification is the kingdom --either plant or animal. The broadest category in the plant kingdom is division or phylum.

7. Linnaean System • The Linnaean system uses two Latin name categories, genus and species, to designate each type of organism.  A genus is a higher level category that includes one or more species under it.  Such a dual level designation is referred to as a binomial nomenclature or binomial (literally “two names" in Latin).  For example, Linnaeus described humans in his system with the binomial Homosapiens, or "man who is wise"--Homo is our genus and sapiens is our species.

8. Scientific Classification • The groupings (taxa) of taxonomy from most general to most specific are: • Kingdom (Plantae, Animalia, Protista, Fungi, Monera) • Phylum (animals) or Division (plants) • Class • Order • Family • Genus • species

9. Kingdom • Plants are in the Plantae Kingdom • 27,000 named species of plants • Mosses, ferns, woody and non-woody flowering plants

10. Divisions The four most important divisions of the plant kingdom are: Thallophites Bryophytes Pteriophytes Spermatophytes

11. Spermatophytes Contains flowering or seed-bearing plants Two subdivisions are: Gymnosperms and angiosperms

12. Common Plant Genus Pinus-pine Acer-Maple Ilex-Holly Ficus-fig Cornus-dogwood Rhododendron-rhododendron Quercus-oak

13. Genus and Species • White Oak’s genus and species would look like: • Quercus alba • The genus is always capitalized • The species is always lower cased

14. Growth Habits trees shrubs vines

15. Form Columnar Spreading Weeping Round Oval Pyramidal

16. Growth Forms Columnar Spreading Weeping

17. Growth Forms Round Pyramidal Oval

18. Foliage Retention Evergreen Deciduous

19. Plant Parts-Leaves Arrangement Shapes color Vein pattern Form (simple or compund) Margin Surface

20. Leaf Arrangement alternate opposite Whorled

21. Leaf Shapes

22. Vein Pattern palmate Parallel pinnate

23. Plant Parts-Flowers • Color • Shape • Size

24. Plant Parts-Stem Bud - Shape and color Stem modifications thorns spines prickles

25. Thorns, Spines, Prickles Thorn Spine Prickle

26. Plant Parts-Roots Tap Fibrous Bulb

27. Root Types _______Roots _________ Root

28. Plant Parts-Fruit Cones Nuts (acorn) Capsules (willow) Clusters or Drupes (raspberry) Samara (maple)

29. Fruits and Nuts Cones Acorns Drupe

30. Fruits and Nuts Samara Capsules

31. Use and location • Not absolute but helpful • Indoor or Outdoor • Altitude • Wet or dry • Zone • Sun, partial shade, shade • Landscape purpose-specimen, border, etc.