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Basic Concept of

Basic Concept of. Human Culture. Part Three. Akademi Bahasa Asing. Saint Mary. 2008. Anthropocentric Culture :

joan-barr
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Basic Concept of

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  1. Basic Concept of Human Culture Part Three Akademi Bahasa Asing Saint Mary 2008

  2. Anthropocentric Culture : A culture which cherishes the human potential and strives to create the conditions needed for its fullest materialization and manifestation. Such striving is the top priority, the crowning achieve-ment, the measuring rod of such a culture, its attainment - its criterion of success or failure. 2.Anthropo-transcendental Culture: A culture in which people tend to look beyond humanity; to derive meaning; to maintain social equilibrium. 5. Cultural Classification: Approach to ‘humanity’

  3. 6. Cultural Classification: Social Phenomenon Based

  4. 1a. NEUROTIC CULTURES Neurotic cultures feed off fear and trauma. The neurotic cultures are pessimistic, less adapted to win the battle to survive, slow to respond the change, rigid and convulsive. 6. Cultural Classification: Social Phenomenon Based 1b.NORMAL CULTURES • Normal cultures feed off hope and love – they have adapted normally.

  5. 6. Cultural Classification: Social Phenomenon Based DYNAMIC/EMERGENT (CONFLICTIVE) CULTURE Dynamic cultures seem more "ruffled", "arbitrary", or disturbed. They are pluralistic and heterogeneous. They encourage conflict as the main arbiter in the social and economic spheres ("the invisible hand of the market" or the American "checks and balances"), contractual and transactional relationships, partisanship, utilitarianism, heterogeneity, self-fullfilment, fluidity of the social structures, democracy. STATIC (CONSENSUS) CULTURE • Some cultures are more cohesive, and well-bounded and constrained. As a result, they will maintain an unchanging nature and be static. • These cultures encourage consensus-building, teamwork, togetherness and we-ness, mass experiences, social sanctions and social regulation, structured socialization, peer loyalty, belonging, homogeneity, identity formation through allegiance to a group. • These cultures employ numerous self-preservation mecha-nisms and strict hierarchy, obedience, discipline, discrimination (by sex, by race, above all, by age and familial affiliation).

  6. 6. Cultural Classification: Social Phenomenon Based FUTURE ORIENTED CULTURE • Future oriented cultures look to the future – always projected – for the same reasons. These cultures invest their efforts and resources in an ephemeral future (upon the nature or image of which there is no agreement or certainty). • These cultures are, inevitably, more abstract more imaginative, more creative (having to design multiple scenarios just to survive). • They are also more likely to have a youth cult: to prefer the young, the new, the revolutionary, the fresh – to the old, the habitual, the predictable. They are be risk-centered and risk-assuming cultures. PAST ORIENTED CULTURE • Past oriented cultures look to the past for inspiration, motivation, sustenance, hope, guidance and direction. • They are likely to prefer old age to youth, old habits to new, old buildings to modern architecture, etc.

  7. 6. Cultural Classification: Trompernaars’ Cultural Dimensions Theory • Universalism vs. Particularism • Universalism:A culture in which people believe that ideas and practices can be aplied everywhere in the world without modification. • Particularism:A culture in which people believe that circumstances dictate how ideas and practices should be applied, and something cannot be done the same everywhere.

  8. 6. Cultural Classification: Trompernaars’ Cultural Dimensions Theory 2. Individualism vs Communitarianism a. Individualism Culture:A culture in which people tend to look after themselves and their immediate family only. b. Communitarianism (Collectivism) Culture: A culture in which tend to belong to groups, and to look after each other in exchange of loyalty.

  9. 6. Cultural Classification: Trompernaars’ Cultural Dimensions Theory 3. Neutral vs Emotional • Neutral Culture: A culture in which emotions are held in check. • Emotional Culture:A culture in which emotions are expressed openly and naturally.

  10. 6. Cultural Classification: Trompernaars’ Cultural Dimensions Theory 4. Specific vs Diffuse • Specific Culture:a culture in which individuals have a large public space they readily share with others and a small private space they guard closely and share with only close friends and associates. • Diffuse Culture:A culture in which both public and private space are similar in size, and individuals guard their public space carefully, because entry into public space affords entry into private space as well.

  11. 6. Cultural Classification: Trompernaars’ Cultural Dimensions Theory 5. Achievement vs Ascription • Achievement Culture: a culture in which people are accorded status based on how well they perform their function. b. Ascription Culture:a culture in which status is attributed based on who or what a person is.

  12. 6. Cultural Classification: Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Theory • Power distance culture:A culture in which less powerful member of institution and organizations accept that power is distributed unequally. • Uncertainty Avoidance:A culture in which people feel threatened by ambiguous situations and have created beliefs and institutions that try to avoid these.

  13. 6. Cultural Classification: Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Theory 3. Individualism Culture:A culture in which people tend to look after themselves and their immediate family only. 4. Collectivism Culture:A culture in which tend to belong to groups, and to look after each other in exchange of loyalty. 5. Masculinity Culture:A culture in which the dominant values in society are success, money, and things. 6. Femininity Culture: A culture in which the dominant values in society are caring for others and quality of life.

  14. 7. Cultural Classification: Level of Cultures • Pop (ular) Culture/Mass Culture: Popular culture is far more widespread and accessible to everyone. The main business of popular culture is entertainment and, in Europe and the United States (for example), it is dominated by sports, television, films, and recorded popular music. 2. High Culture: High culture includes things like classical music, serious novels, poetry, dance, high art which are usually appreciated by only a relatively small number of educated people. Therefore, high culture is also known as “the culture of rulingsocial groups”

  15. 7. Cultural Classification: Cultural Inconsistencies The Ideal Culture vs The Real Culture • Ideal culture:A culture consists of norms and values to which people openly and formally adhere. Ex. In marriage ceremonies: couples vow to stay together come what may (for richer or poorer, in sickness and health, and so on). b. Real culture:A culture consists of norms and values that people may not openly or formally admit to but which they practice nonetheless. Ex. In real life, many marriages end in divorce.

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