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BIOSTAT - 1

BIOSTAT - 1. Data: What types of data do you deal with? What do you think “statistics” means? Where do you obtain your data? What is a random variable in statistics. What is the difference in a “Quantitative Random Variable” and a “Qualitative Random Variable”?. BIOSTAT - 1.

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BIOSTAT - 1

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  1. BIOSTAT - 1 • Data: What types of data do you deal with? • What do you think “statistics” means? • Where do you obtain your data? • What is a random variable in statistics. • What is the difference in a “Quantitative Random Variable” and a “Qualitative Random Variable”?

  2. BIOSTAT - 1 • What is the difference in a discrete random variable and a continuous random variable? • What is the difference in a population and a sample? • Give some examples of a population you deal with at work. • What are the characteristics of that population you are interested in?

  3. BIOSTAT - 1 • Give some examples of the following 4 “measurement scales”. • Nominal Scale [qualiltative, categorical, no natural order] • Ordinal Scale [qualiltative, categorical, has a natural order] • Interval Scale [quantitative, numerical, no natural zero] • Ratio Scale [quantitative, numerical, has a natural zero and the ratio of two values has meaning.

  4. BIOSTAT - 1 • What is statistical inference? • Give some examples of how you might use statistical inference in your job. • What is a simple random sample? • How would you suggest we take a simple random sample? • In statistics what do the symbols “n” and “N” normally mean? • How does the population size affect what we find out when we take a random sample?

  5. BIOSTAT - 1 • Give an example of a research study? [designing sampling protocols, collecting and analyzing data, and providing valid conclusions based on the results of the analysis] • Give an example of a statistical experiment (experimental design)? [observations after specific manipulations of conditions have been carried out]

  6. BIOSTAT - 1 • What is a systematic sample, how would you select one, and give examples. • What is stratified sampling, how would you select one, and give examples. • What are some ways you can foul up the sampling process?

  7. BIOSTAT - 1 • Scientific Method – process by which scientific information is collected, analyzed, and reported in order to produce unbiased and replicable results in an effort to provide an accurate representation of observable phenomena. • Key element in statistical studies: Make observation, formulate hypothesis (research or statistical), design experiment, analyze data, reach conclusions.

  8. BIOSTAT - 1 • Key ways to mess up a study: • Improperly designed experiments are the leading cause of invalid results and unjustified conclusions • The accuracy and precision of the measurement is poor • Failure to randomize! • Failing to control other potential factors that affect the results

  9. BIOSTAT - 1 • Problems: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, • Congratulations: You are almost finished with this course. • Next up: • Chapter 2 • Chapter 3 (primarily section 3.5)

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