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Development Indicators

Development Indicators. GDP Per Capita. Most widely used single indicator to assess living standards GDP/Population Low (<$500) vs middle vs high (>$8,000) income countries Problems: does not include NON-MARKET transactions does not distinguish WHAT is being produced

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Development Indicators

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  1. Development Indicators

  2. GDP Per Capita • Most widely used single indicator to assess living standards GDP/Population • Low (<$500) vs middle vs high (>$8,000) income countries • Problems: does not include NON-MARKET transactions does not distinguish WHAT is being produced does not reflect INCOME DISTRIBUTION does not reflect QUALITY of life factors

  3. Population Figures • Birth Rates/Death Rates # of births/deaths per thousand birth: MDC 14.9 LDC 26.2 death: MDC 10.1 LDC 8.3 • Population Growth Rate % change in population over one year World 1.7% Europe .2% Latin America 2.1% Africa 3% • Demographic Structure dependency burden=ratio of non-workers to workers % of population under 15 (40-50% in LDCs) + over 65

  4. Health Figures • Life Expectancy # of years a baby born today can expect to live ceteris paribus World 63/67 MDC 71/78 LDC 61/64 • Infant Mortality # of babies who die before reaching 1 year per 1000 World 68 MDC 18 LDC 75 • Calories Per Day/ Protein Per Day • Population Per Doctor/ Population Per Hospital Bed

  5. Education Figures • Adult Illiteracy % of population over 15 who cannot read and write at a basic level in low income countries this may be as high as 50% • Primary School Enrollment • Per Capita Government Spending on Education

  6. Poverty • Absolute Poverty inability to meet basic physical needs of life • Relative Poverty living below the ‘standard’ of a given country

  7. Income Distribution • Income Distribution Ratio Population divided into quintiles; comparison of bottom two quintiles to top quintile in terms of % of household income: Bottom 40%/Top 20% India 20/41 Poland 23/35 Brazil 8/63 USA 16/42

  8. Other Indicators • Energy Consumption per capita increases with “development” • Rural-Urban migration • Unemployment/Employment primary, secondary vs tertiary sector trends

  9. Composite Indicators • Human Development Index HDI GDP per capita @ PPP + life expectancy + literacy + school enrollmentmeasured on a 0-1 scale • Human Suffering Index HSI measures economic + political indicators; 0-100 scale • Sustainable Planet Index takes into account environmental affects + resource use

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