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Focus on Fluency

Focus on Fluency. Developing Latin Literacy Skills, Step-by-Step VERBS. Characteristics of Verbs. Conjugation Person Number Tense Voice Mood. Components of Verbs. Stem Tense Marker Personal Ending. Parsing: Identifying the Characteristics of a Verb.

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Focus on Fluency

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  1. Focus on Fluency Developing Latin Literacy Skills, Step-by-Step VERBS

  2. Characteristics of Verbs Conjugation Person Number Tense Voice Mood

  3. Components of Verbs Stem Tense Marker Personal Ending

  4. Parsing: Identifying the Characteristics of a Verb • Step 1: Look up the word to determine the type of verb • Regular: -ō, -re, -ī, (-us) • Deponent: -or, -ī, -us sum • Irregular: anything else • Memorize the principal parts of verbs when learning the vocabulary for each unit to make this step easier • Step 2: Look at the 2nd principal part to determine the conjugation. • Regular: -āre – 1st, -ēre – 2nd, -ere – 3rd, -īre – 4th • Deponent: -ārī– 1st, -ērī– 2nd, -ī– 3rd, -īrī– 4th • Irregular: No conjugation • Memorize the identifying ending for each conjugation to make this step easier

  5. Parsing: Identifying the Characteristics of a Verb • Step 3: Match the ending on the word you are identifying to an ending in the conjugation column. This will tell you the person, number, tense, voice and mood of the verb. • Stay in the conjugation column – don’t cross over! • Familiarize yourself with the endings for each conjugation to make this easier • If the verb form you are identifying does not match anything in the conjugation column, go to the “Other Forms” section of the Grammar

  6. Translating: Connect the Form of the Verb to Its Correct Reading

  7. Other Verb Forms • Verbs can appear in other forms • Imperative: the form of a verb to indicate a command • Only appears in singular and plural • Can be active or passive • Infinitive: the “unlimited” form of the verb, without person or number • Present Active – 2nd principal part • Present Passive – 2nd principal part with ending change • Perfect Active – 3rd principal part + -sse • Perfect Passive – 4th principal part paired with “esse” • Future Active – 4th principal part with –ūrus ending paired with “esse”

  8. Other Verb Forms • Verbs can appear in other forms • Participle:the adjective form of a verb, used to describe a noun • Agrees with the noun described in gender, number and case • Has tense and voice • Types of participles: • Present Active: “-ing”, uses 3rd declension endings • Perfect Active (deponent verbs only): “having –ed”, uses 1st and 2nd declension endings • Perfect Passive: “having been –ed”, uses 1st and 2nd declension endings • Future Active:“about to ---”, uses 1st and 2nd declension endings

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