Crisis Management and Contingency Planning

1. Crisis Management and Contingency Planning Athena Conference, 2014 Christoph Wagner, European Commission

2. Crisis management and contingency planning • 1. Pressure through crisis • 2. EU crisis management: civil protection • 3. EU crisis management: the role of civil-military relations • 4. EU disaster risks reduction at international level

3. Pressure through Crisis Why do we need better crisis management tools and contingency planning?

5. Natural Hazard

7. Human Hazard

8. Lack of Coping Capacity

9. InfoRM - Index for Risk Management • Quantitative humanitarian and disaster assessment based on an open, transparent, consensus-based approach to humanitarian & disaster risk • http://inform.jrc.ec.europa.eu/

11. Natural catastrophes in Europe, 1980-2012 Natural disasters Significant events (Munich Re, 2013) Geophysical events(Earthquake, tsunami, volcanic eruption) Meteorological events (Storm) Hydrological events (Flood, mass movement) Climatological events(Extreme temperature, drought, wildfire)

12. Total estimated disaster impacts in Europe, 2002-2011 • 151 BILLION USD (*) damage • 7.3 MILLION people affected • 146 THOUSAND people killed (*) 116 Billion EUR

13. EU Crisis management: Civil Protection What recent innovation has the EU put in place to enhance civil protection?

14. The Civil Protection Mechanism • Natural and man-made disasters (no complex emergencies) • Inside and outside the EU • 32participating countries:28 MS + Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norwayand The Former YugoslavRepublicofMacedonia. • The Mechanism'stools • Emergency Response CoordinationCentre (ERCC) • Common Emergency and Information System (CECIS) • Training programme • CivilProtectionmodules

15. ERCC Disaster stricken country Request for assistance Acceptance / rejection of assistance offered Information update Offer of assistance Deployment of EU CP Teams Coordination of Transport Activation of the Mechanism

16. Key elements of the new legislation • Entered into force by end 2013 to revise the existing CP Mechanism. • Balances prevention, preparedness and response. • Ensures predictable, high-quality assistance. • Helps Member States on capacity development. • Introduces new international elements.

17. Disaster prevention Member States: • develop risk assessments and make a summary available to the Commission • develop and refine their disaster risk management planning • make an assessment of their risk management capability available to the Commission • participate, on a voluntary basis, in peer reviews

18. Disaster preparedness Commission & Member States: • Continue existing activities: exercises, training, exchange of experts, projects • Establish Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC) with 24/7 operational capacity • Establish a European Emergency Response Capacity consisting of a "voluntary pool" • Co-finance buffer capacities to address temporary shortcomings • Provide seed-funding for new response capacities, where a potentially significant gap has been identified

19. Financial support • Certification costs: • Costs of obligatory training courses, exercises and workshops necessary for the certification of Member States' response capacities for the purposes of the European Emergency Response Capacity • Adaptation costs: • Non-recurrent costs necessary to upgrade Member States' response capacities from their purely national use to a state of readiness and availability that makes them deployable as part of the Voluntary Pool • Transport: • Increased transport funding for assets from the Voluntary Pool

22. Where necessary, the Commission may support Member States in addressing these gaps by providing seed-funding for the development of new response capacities up to a maximum of 20% of the eligible costs.

23. International elements • Requests through or by the United Nations and its agencies, or a relevant international organization • Coordinating function of UN OCHA • Possible roles for IOM, IFRC, ICRC, OPCW, IAEA • Possibility to deploy expert missions to advise on disaster prevention and preparedness at the request of the country concerned • Specific prevention and preparedness activities expanded to the EU Neighbourhood, Art. 28(2) • Possibility for potential candidate countries to join the Union Civil Protection Mechanism

24. Examples of Serbia and Bosnia Herzegovina – Floods 14 May 2014 • 1.5 million people affected in Bosnia Herzegovina • 1.6 million people affected in Serbia • Activation of the CPM on May 16: 22 Members States offered assistance through the CPM • 2 EU Civil Protection teams sent on the ground • 500 relief workers from the Member States deployed through the CPM • Constant contact between the ERCC, participating states and the two affected countries. • EUFOR Althea and EULEX participation

25. EU Crisis management: Civil military relations

26. Map of current CSDP missions

28. Role of military in humanitarian aid • Military capacities can supplement civil protection and humanitarian assistance by filling certain critical capacity gaps  natural disasters vs complex emergencies • Provided that conditions are respected, military capacities can play a role in very specific circumstances: • It can contribute to the provision of relief; • It can contribute to the provision of security;

29. UNGuidelines • Complex Emergencies: • MCDA Guidelines: The Use of Military and Civil Defence Assets to Support United Nations Humanitarian Activities in Complex Emergencies (March 2003) • Country Specific Guidelines (Iraq, 2004, Afghanistan 2001) • Natural, Technological, Environmental Disasters: • Oslo Guidelines: The Use of Military and Civil Defence Assets in Disaster Relief (May 1994)

30. MCDA and Oslo Guidelines • In order to avoid a blurring of roles between military operations and humanitarian aid/civil protection, military assets and capabilities should only be used when the following conditions are met: • 'last resort’, i.e. no comparable civilian alternative ->UNOCHA to request • civilian nature and command of the operation • the primary responsibility of the affected State and overall role of the UN are respected • no cost to the humanitarian actor/affected State

31. Cooperation between CSDP missions and humanitarian aid PoC • Artemis, EUFOR DRC, EUFOR Chad/CAR, EUFOR CAR • EUPOL DRC, EUMM Georgia Support to humanitarian aid • EUFOR Libya • EUNAVFOR Atalanta Promotion of IHL, principles and civmil practice • EUTM Mali, EUTM Somalia

32. EU Comprehensive Approach Crisis Humanitarian Assistance Range of EU options Conflict Prevention measures Diplomatic actions Economic Sanctions CSDP Activity Development Aid JHA, TRADE, CLIMA,… political framework for crisis approach

33. In But Out

34. Disaster risk reduction at international level What has been the EU's role in promoting a Post Hyogo Framework for Action?

35. The Hyogo Framework for Action • Objective: to reduce disaster losses by building the resilience of nations and communities to disasters before 2015 • First plan to detail the work required from all different sectors and actors to reduce disaster losses • Five priorities for action

36. The EU in the HFA revision process • Ambitious EU position in helpingshapepre-Sendai 2015 • Active role in revisionprocess • Building on active EU contribution to current HFA • Building on EU experiences • Commission Communication on post-HFA • Defining EU position – contributing to sustainabledevelopment • Identifying progress and challenges in disaster management • Identifying Principles for the new Framework • Explaining EU disaster risk management policy and resilience agenda • Policy achievements • EU support to developing countries with focus on building resilience in crisis prone countries

37. 5 principles of the new framework for Sendai: • Improving accountability, transparency and governance • A framework to deliver results - role of targets and indicators to measure progress and encourage implementation • Strengthening the contribution to sustainable and smart growth • Addressing vulnerabilities and needs in a comprehensive framework • Ensuring coherence with the international agenda

38. EU disaster prevention activities • Risk assessments: EU overview based on national risk assessments by end-2013 • Good practice guidelines: exchange of prevention practices focusing on five cross-cutting themes: governance, planning, disaster data, risk communication and information, and research and technology transfer (by late 2013) • Disaster data study and steps towards European standards • Mainstreaming: cohesion policy, environmental impact assessments, climate change adaptation etc. • Peer reviews

39. EU financial support to DRR in developing countries • SHARE • AGIR • GCCA • Disaster Resilience in ACP countries • DIPECHO programme

40. Thank you for your attention European Commission