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Punic Wars 264-146bce

Explore the turbulent history of Rome from the Punic Wars to the Decline of the Roman Empire. Discover the triumphs and challenges faced by the ancient civilization as it reached its territorial peak and ultimately crumbled. Learn about key events, battles, and rulers that shaped Rome's destiny.

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Punic Wars 264-146bce

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  1. Punic Wars 264-146bce • By 265bce Romans controlled the Italian peninsula • Carthage: • Commercial empire on north African coast • Controlled Sicily • Romans feared Carthage • Carthage navy • Roman land advantage

  2. First Punic War, 264-241bce • Rome lacked a navy • Rome used land tactics at sea • Carthage asked for peace • Indemnity • Sicily

  3. Second Punic War, 218-202bce • Hannibal’s army • Infantry, cavalry, war elephants • Hannibal’s debacle • Hannibal spent 15 years living off the land, harassing the countryside, attacking Romans, but . . . • Scipio • Carthage asked for peace: • Indemnity • Spanish colonies

  4. Third Punic War, 149-146bce • Cato and the Senate • Senate’s decision • Roman conquest • Result: Rome Controls the Mediterranean Sea

  5. Ch. 6.4 The Decline of the Roman Empire

  6. Rome at its territorial peak

  7. A. A Century of Crisis • 1. Rome’s Economy Declines • The wealthy spent money on goods from China, India, and Arabia • Harvests decreased because of overworked soil

  8. 2. Rome Faces Military Upheaval • Faced threats from Germans in the north and Persians in Syria and Anatolia • 3. Roman Politics Decay • Loss of loyalty among citizenry

  9. B. Emperors Attempt Reform • 1. Diocletian Reforms the Empire • Persecuted Christians • Divided empire into Greek speaking East and Latin speaking West

  10. The Roman Empire Divided

  11. 2. Constantine Moves the Capital • Capital moved from Rome to Byzantium • After Constantine’s death, only East would survive

  12. C. Invaders Overrun the Western Empire • 1. The Huns Move West • Huns force Germans into Roman Empire • Invaded the regions of the Rhine and Danube rivers

  13. 2. Germanic Invasions • The Vandals fled from the Huns and invaded the Western Empire • Visigoths plundered Rome in 410 A.D.

  14. 3. Attila the Hun • In 444, the Huns united under Attila • His armies attacked and plundered 70 cities • Failed to take Constantinople • Pope Leo I negotiated their withdrawal • Under Gaiseric, Vandals sack Rome in 455 A.D.

  15. 4. Rome’s Last Emperor • Romulus Augustulus – deposed in 476 A.D. • Eastern half came to be called the Byzantine Empire • Survived until 1453, when it fell to Ottoman Turks

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