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Center for Advancing Teaching and Learning

How Students Learn. Learning = Development of Knowledge. Students transform information intoknowledge by discerning connections and relationships among facts and ideas.Key idea = Students create their own knowledge they do not receive it ready made from the teacher, books or other sources. .

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Center for Advancing Teaching and Learning

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    1. Center for Advancing Teaching and Learning www.uwlax.edu/catl

    3. Learning = Development of Knowledge Students transform information into knowledge by discerning connections and relationships among facts and ideas. Key idea = Students create their own knowledge they do not receive it ready made from the teacher, books or other sources.

    4. Learning is Inherently Problematic Students forget what they learned. Students learn without understanding. Students’ preconceived ideas and beliefs impede new understanding. Students’ develop misconceptions as they learn a subject. Students cannot apply what they learn to new situations.

    5. An Example of How Students Learn At your tables take a copy of the one page handout How Students Learn Read it, write your answers, discuss your answers with people at your table You have 10 minutes

    6. What did You Predict? Group 1: Read + Summarize + Lecture Group 2: Analyze + Lecture Group 3: Analyze + Analyze

    8. The Importance of Prior Knowledge Students come to every learning situation with prior knowledge, skills, beliefs, and concepts that significantly influence what they notice about the situation, how they organize and interpret it. This affects their ability to remember, reason, solve problems, and acquire new knowledge. Bransford, Brown & Cocking (1999). How People Learn: Brain, Mind & Experience

    9. What This Example Illustrates about How Students Learn Recall versus Understanding. If you only measure students’ learning in terms of their recall of the facts, then both groups appear to have learned the same amount. If you measure students’ learning in terms of their understanding one group developed much better understanding of the concepts. Students use prior knowledge (what they already know) to make sense of new information. But not all prior knowledge is equal. Understanding requires both differentiated knowledge (as developed when discerning the patterns in the data sets) and explanatory knowledge (as developed through the lecture).

    10. Excellent Books and Articles about Student Learning How People Learn: Brain, Mind & Experience by Bransford, Brown, & Cocking (full text online) How Students Learn: History, Mathematics & Science in the Classroom by Donovan & Bransford (eds.) (full text online) Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts by Sam Wineburg Taking Learning Seriously by Lee Shulman (full text online) Making Differences: A Table of Learning by Lee Shulman (full text online) Teaching the Mind Good Habits by Sam Wineburg (full text online)

    11. Videos A Private Universe Classic video about misconceptions with Harvard graduates explaining the change of seasons. Minds of Our Own Sequel to A Private Universe that explores misconceptions and conceptual change. Videos can be downloaded free.

    12. Before we move on If you want these slides, handouts and references go to www.uwlax.edu/catl and then click on CATL Blog Updates

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