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Comprehensive Overview of the Human Arterial System

This detailed exploration highlights the human arterial system, emphasizing key components such as the Aorta, Pulmonary Trunk, and major arteries including the Carotis Communis and branches like the Thyroidea Sup. It covers the structure and function of various arterial layers: Tunica Intima, Media, and Adventitia, alongside the importance of collateral and anastomotic pathways. The text delves into the intricate network of blood supply to vital organs, detailing visceral and parietal branches from the thoracic and abdominal aorta. Ideal for students and professionals in medicine and biology.

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Comprehensive Overview of the Human Arterial System

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  1. ARTERIES

  2. Arteriae Venulae Tunica intima Arteriolae Venae Tunica media Vasa capillaria Tunica adventitia (sinusoids) Collaterals Anastomoses Vasa vasorum

  3. TRUNCUS PULMONALIS – a. pulmonalis dx. et sin. Lig. arteriosum

  4. AORTA • AORTA ASCENDENS • ARCUS AORTAE • AORTA DESCENDENS • - Aorta thoracica • - Aorta abdominalis

  5. AORTA ASCENDENS Bulbus aortae - a. coronaria cordis dx. - a. coronaria cordis sin.

  6. ARCUS AORTAE - truncus brachiocephalicus - a. carotis communis sin. - a. subclavia sin.

  7. 9% 13% 70% 3% <1%

  8. A. CAROTIS COMMUNIS – a. carotis interna et externa

  9. CAROTIS EXTERNA: • ventral branches: • - a. thyroidea sup. • - a. lingualis • - a. facialis • dorsal branches: • - a. occipitalis • - a. auricularis post. • medial branch: • - a. pharyngea asc. • lateral branch: • - a. sternocleidomastoidea • terminal branches • - a. maxillaris • - a. temporalis spf.

  10. A. THYROIDEA SUP.: • - a. laryngea sup. • - r. cricothyroideus • - r. infrahyoideus • - r. sternocleidomastoideus • - rr. glandulares • LINGUALIS: (Béclard’s angle • Pirogov’s triangle) • - r. suprahyoideus • - a. sublingualis • - rr. dorsales linguae • - a. profunda linguae

  11. FACIALIS: • - a. palatina ascendens • - r. tonsillaris • - a. submentalis • - rr. glandulares • - a. labialis sup. et inf. • (circulus arteriosus oris) • - a. alaris nasi • - a. angularis • TEMPORALIS SPF.: • - rr. parotidei • - a. transversa faciei • - rr. auriculares ant. • - a. zygomaticoorbitalis • - a. temporalis media • - r. frontalis • - r. parietalis

  12. PHARYNGEA ASC.: • - rr. pharyngei • - a. meningea post. • - a. tympanica inf.

  13. OCCIPITALIS: • - rr. musculares • - r. auricularis • - r. mastoideus • - rr. occipitales

  14. AURICULARIS POST.: • - rr. musculares • - rr. glandulares • - r. auricularis • - a. stylomastoidea • - a. tympanica post. • - rr. mastoidei • - r. stapedialis • - r. occipitalis • A. STERNOCLEIDOMASTOIDEA

  15. MAXILLARIS: • Pars mandibularis: • - a. auricularis prof. • - a. tympanica ant. • - a. meningea media • - a. alveolaris inf. • - r. mylohyoideus • - rr. dentales • - rr. gingivales • - a. mentalis • Pars pterygoidea: • - a. masseterica • - aa. temporales prof. • - rr. pterygoidei • - a. bucalis

  16. MAXILLARIS (continuation): • Pars pterygopalatina: • - a. infraorbitalis • - aa. alveolares sup. ant. • - rr. dentales • - rr. gingivales • - a. alveolaris sup. post. • - rr. dentales • - rr. gingivales

  17. MAXILLARIS (continuation): • - a. palatina descendens • - a. palatina major • - aa. palatinae minores • - a. canalis pterygoidei • - a. sphenopalatina • - aa. nasales post. lat. • et septi

  18. sinus caroticus glomus caroticum • CAROTIS INTERNA: • - aa. caroticotympanicae • - rr. sinus cavernosi • - r. meningeus • - rr. tentorii • - aa. hypophysiales • - a. ophthalmica • - a. cerebri ant. • - a. cerebri media

  19. AORTA THORACICA Parietal branches: - aa. intercostales post. (9) - r. dorsalis - rr. musculares - r. spinalis - rr. cutanei med. et lat. - rr. musculares - r. collateralis - r. cutaneus lat. - rr. mammarii lat. - a. subcostalis - a. phrenica sup.

  20. - r. dorsalis - rr. musculares - r. spinalis - rr. cutanei med. et lat.

  21. AORTA THORACICA Visceral branches: - rr. bronchiales - rr. oesophagei - rr. pericardiaci

  22. AORTA ABDOMINALIS Parietal branches - a. phrenica inf. - a. suprarenalis sup. - aa. lumbales (4) - r. dorsalis – r. spinalis

  23. AORTA ABDOMINALIS Visceral branches - paired - a. suprarenalis media - a. renalis - r. uretericus - a. suprarenalis inf. - rr. praepelvici - r. retropelvicus - a. testicularis and a. ovarica, resp. - rr. ureterici – r. tubarius

  24. A. testicularis A. ovarica

  25. AORTA ABDOMINALIS – cont. Visceral branches – unpaired - truncus coeliacus - a. mesenterica sup. - a. mesenterica inf.

  26. TRUNCUS COELIACUS 1. a. gastrica sin. - rr. oesophagei 2. a. hepatica communis - a. hepatica propria - a. gastrica dx. - r. dexter - a. cystica - r. sinister - a. gastroduodenalis - a. gastroepiploica dx. - a. pancreatico- duodenalis. sup. 3. a. lienalis

  27. A. LIENALIS - rr. pancreatici - a. gastroepiploica sin. - aa. gastricae breves - rr. lienales

  28. MESENTERICA SUP. • - a. pancreaticoduodenalis inf. • - aa. jejunales et ilei (10-18) • - a. ileocolica • - r. ileus • - r. colicus • - r. appendicularis • - a. colica dx. • - a. colica media

  29. MESENTERICA INF. • - a. colica sinistra • - aa. sigmoideae • - a. rectalis sup.

  30. AORTA ABDOMINALIS – cont. Terminal branches - a. sacralis mediana - a. lumbalis ima - rr. sacrales (glomus coccygeum) - aa. iliacae communes - a. iliaca externa - a. iliaca interna

  31. ILIACA INTERNA • Parietal branches • - a. iliolumbalis • - r. iliacus • - r. lumbalis • - r. sacralis • - a. sacralis lat. – a. spinalis • - a. obturatoria – r. pubicus • (corona mortis) • - r. anterior • - r. posterior • - r. acetabularis • - a. glutaea sup. • - r. superficialis • - r. profundus • - a. glutaea inf. • - a. commitans n. ischiadici

  32. ILIACA INTERNA – continuation • Visceral branches • - a. umbilicalis • - aa. vesicales sup. • - a. vesicalis inf. • - a. rectalis media • - a. ductus deferentis • - r. uretericus • (- a. uterina) • - a. pudenda interna

  33. A. UTERINA - r. uretericus - a. vaginalis ant. et post. - rr. uterini - r. tubarius - r. ovaricus

  34. PUDENDA INTERNA • - a. rectalis inf. • - a. perinealis – rr. scrotales (labiales) post. • - a. penis - (a. clitoridis • - a. bulbi penis - a. bulbi vestibuli • - a. urethralis - a. profunda clitoridis • - a. profunda penis - a. dorsalis clitoridis) • - aa. helicinae • - a. dorsalis penis

  35. ILIACA EXTERNA • - a. epigastrica inf. • - r. pubicus • - a. cremasterica (a. ligamenti teretis) • - a. circumflexa ilium profunda

  36. Illustrations were copiedfrom: Atlas der Anatomie des Menschen/Sobotta. Putz,R., und Pabst,R. 20. Auflage. München: Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1993) Netter: Interactive Atlas of Human Anatomy. Windows Version 2.0 Čihák R: Anatomie 2 (Splanchnologia). Avicenum, zdravotnické nakladatelství,Praha, 1988.

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