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Education at a Glance

Education at a Glance. OECD Indicators 2019. Embargo: 11am CEST 10am GMT 10 September 2019. Tertiary attainment has expanded in the past decade ( though the UK slipped slightly in relative terms ). Table A1.2.

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Education at a Glance

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  1. Education at a Glance OECD Indicators 2019 Embargo: 11am CEST 10am GMT 10 September 2019

  2. Tertiary attainment has expanded in the pastdecade(though the UK slippedslightly in relative terms) Table A1.2 Trends in tertiary educational attainment of 25-34 year-olds, 2008 and 2018 Rank 9 Rank 6

  3. A bachelor’s degree is the most common level of tertiary attainment, on average across OECD countries Figure A1.3 Distribution of 25-34 year-olds with tertiary education, by level of tertiary education (2018) Rank 26 Rank 7

  4. The employment value of different qualifications Figure A3.5 Employment rates of tertiary-educated younger adults, by levels of tertiary education (2018)

  5. The earnings value of different qualifications Figure A4.1 Relative earnings of tertiary-educated adults, by educational attainment (2017) 2013: 174%, 2017: 165% 2013: 154%, 2017: 142% 2013: 123%, 2017: 113%

  6. Education matters

  7. Thosewithtertiaryeducation are lesslikely to be NEET Fig.A2.4 Percentage of NEETs (neither employed nor in education or training) among 25-29 year-olds, by educational attainment (2018)

  8. Tertiary-educated adults are more resilient against long-term unemployment Figure A3.2 Percentage of long-term unemployed 25-64 year-olds, by educational attainment (2018)

  9. The relative earnings of tertiary-educatedadultsincreaseswithprofessionalexperience Figure A4.2 Relative earnings of tertiary-educated adults compared to those with upper secondary education, by age group (2017)

  10. In some countries, a significant share of tertiary-educated adults are inactive Figure A3.3 Employment and inactivity rates of tertiary-educated 25-34 year-olds (2018)

  11. Tertiarygraduates are more likely to keepimprovingtheirskillsthroughcontinuousadultlearning Figure A7.1 Participation of 25-64 year-olds in education and training, by educational attainment(2016)

  12. Facilitating access to tertiary education

  13. Governmentsfund a varyingshare of tertiaryexpenditurein OECD countries Figure C3.2b Distribution of public and private expenditure on tertiary educational institutions, final source of funds (2016)

  14. Public to privatetransfers help support students in countries with high privatecosts Figure C3.1 Distribution of transfers and public and private expenditure on educational institutions (2016)

  15. Grants or loans Figure C5.3 Distribution of students benefiting from public/government-guaranteed loans and scholarships/grants in bachelor's and master's long first degrees or equivalent (2017/18) Note: Annual average (or most common) tuition fees charged by public institutions for national students at the bachelor's level are indicated in parenthesis (USD converted using PPPs). The year of reference may differ across countries and economies. Please see Annex 3 for details.

  16. Fields in high demand still struggle to find the skilled workers they need

  17. Engineering and ICT graduates have the highestemployment rates… Figure A3.1 Employment rates of tertiary-educated adults, by field of study (2018) Health and Welfare Business, administration and law Education Arts and humanities, social sciences and information

  18. Change in share of graduates by field of study Distribution of recent tertiary graduates by field of study, compared with fields of study of all tertiary-education 25-64 year-olds (2017 and 2018)

  19. Despite expanding access, progression through tertiary education is uneven

  20. Only 40% of studentsentering a bachelor’s programme graduatewithin the theoretical duration, on average Figure B5.1a Completion rate of full-time students who entered a bachelor's or equivalent programme (2017)

  21. More tertiary students are studying abroad

  22. The number of international students has more than doubled in less than 20 years Figure B6.2 Growth in international or foreign enrolment in tertiary education worldwide (1998 to 2017)

  23. The share of international students has increasedsince 2010 in most OECD countries Figure B6.1 Incoming student mobility in tertiary education in 2010 and 2017 30% from EU

  24. The share of international students grows with each successive level of tertiary education Figure B6.3 Incoming student mobility in tertiary education, by level of study (2017)

  25. Increased financial and human resources have sustained the expansion of tertiary education

  26. Spending on tertiary institutions by spendingcategory Figure C1.2b Total expenditure on educational institutions per full-time equivalent student by types of service (2016))

  27. Gender affects participation in education and employment, but in different ways

  28. Women are over-represented in science at master’slevel, but under-represented at doctoratelevel Figure B7.4 Share of female graduates in natural sciences, mathematics and statistics at master's and doctoral levels (2017)

  29. The employment advantage of a doctorate over a master’s degree is greater for women than for men Figure B7.5 Relative employment rate of 25-64 year-old doctorate holders compared to master's holders (2018)

  30. Tertiary-educated women earn less than men, even among those who studied similar fields Figure A4.5 Women's earnings as a percentage of men's earnings, by field of study (2017)

  31. Lower earnings for tertiary-educated women results in lower financial returns to their education Figure A5.1 Private net financial returns for a man or a woman attaining tertiary education (2016)

  32. Vocational programmes can provide adults with labour market-relevant skills

  33. Engineering, manufacturing and construction are popular fields among upper secondary vocational graduates Figure B3.3 Distribution of upper secondary vocational programmes by selected field of study (2017)

  34. In some countries, young adults turn to vocational upper secondary education to improve their skills Figure B3.1 Average age of first-time upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary graduates, by programme orientation (2017) Age

  35. Starting strong

  36. Greater spending on early childhood education and care can improve quality and access Figure B2.3 Expenditure on all children aged 3 to 5 enrolled in early childhood education and care (ISCED 0) and primary education as a percentage of GDP (2016)

  37. Pre-primary education relies heavily on teaching aides Figure B2.4 Ratio of children to staff in pre-primary (ISCED 02) education (2017) Note: Figures in parentheses show the percentages of teachers' aides among ECEC contact staff (teachers and teachers' aides).

  38. Allocating adequate resources helps sustain quality learning at all levels of education

  39. Spending on education institutions ranges from 3% of GDP in Russia to 6% in Norway  Figure C2.1. Total expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP (2016)

  40. OECD countries spend about USD 90 700 per student on average, in primary and secondary education Figure C1.3. Cumulative expenditure on educational institutions per full-time equivalent student between the age of 6 and 15 (2016)

  41. While average class size decreased in most OECD countries, it increased in the UK Figure D2.3 Average class size in primary education (2005 and 2017)

  42. Yet in many countries teachers’ salaries are still low and the earnings progression is flat Figure D3.2. Lower secondary teachers’ statutory salaries at different points in teachers' careers (2018)

  43. Schoolheadsearn more thanothertertiary-educatedworkers, whileteachersearnless, on average Figure D3.1 Lower secondary teachers' and school heads' salaries relative to earnings for tertiary-educated workers (2017)

  44. Balancing teachers’ salaries and reducing class size Figure C7.3 Index of change in teachers' salaries and in average class size in primary education between 2005 and 2017

  45. Share of teachers’ working time spent on teaching and other activities Figure D4.4 Percentage of lower secondary teachers' working time spent teaching (2018)

  46. Contribution of various factors to salary cost of teachers per student in public institutions, primary education (2017) Figure C7.2

  47. The teaching workforce is ageing

  48. The share of teachers under 30 decreases as the level of education taught rises Figure D5.2 Share of teachers less than 30 years old, by level of education (2017)

  49. Thank you Find out more about our work at www.oecd.org/edu • All publications • The complete micro-level database

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