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Understanding the Difference Between Weather and Climate

Discover the fundamental distinction between weather and climate in this chapter. Weather represents the state of the atmosphere at a specific moment, while climate is the average of these conditions over an extended period, usually 30 years. Learn how we gather weather information from various sources, track historical data since the early 1800s, and explore types of recorded data, including temperature, humidity, and wind. This chapter also introduces weather maps, atmospheric pressure, and satellite imagery, setting the stage for deeper exploration in future sections.

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Understanding the Difference Between Weather and Climate

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  1. Monitoring the Weather Chapter 1

  2. Driving Question: What is the difference between weather and climate? Join with a partner to figure this out and come up with 2 examples of each so we understand.

  3. Weather is the state of the atmosphere at any given moment in timein a certain place. Climate is the sum of the weather conditions (temperature, moisture, etc.) of some locality over some defined period (say 30 years) .

  4. Where do we get our weather information? Many sources; including: TV radio internet National Weather Service / weather radios (NWR) newspaper

  5. How long have we recorded actual data? In USA: since about 1819 (National Archives) World-wide: Italy, 1654 Grand Duke of Tuscany created first weather observing network that reported in regular intervals. (Wikipedia) What types of data are recorded? Temperature: thermometer invented - 1640's Pressure: barometer invented - 1640's Humidity: hygrometer invented - 1700 Wind Speed: anemometer invented - 1450's Wind direction: wind vane invented - 48 B.C. Precipitation amount in inches (US) in 24 hours (game here)

  6. Weather Maps

  7. Weather Map Features - High and Low Pressure Systems

  8. Atmospheric Pressure Two types of air pressure - high and low United States

  9. Fronts

  10. Air Masses

  11. Skywatching Look up! What types of clouds? (We will study in detail in chapter 7) What percentage? Any precipitation? Sun?

  12. Satellite Imagery Two types: Geostationary Operational Environmental (E-W orbit) Images include: visible light infrared water vapor Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental (N-S orbit) Activity using NWS site

  13. Images Visible Reflectivity of objects; dark is less reflective than light. Infrared Water vapor in the atmosphere White is high, dark gray is low. Temperature of objects; specifically cloud tops. High clouds are bright white, low clouds are darker. Water Vapor

  14. RADAR - (radio detection and ranging) An instrument that broadcasts and receives microwave signals back from targets to determine the location, height, movement, and intensity of precipitation areas. (Glossary of Weather and Climate, 1996) Sometimes are "Doppler" units, where one setting is based on the Doppler effect.

  15. Image produced

  16. Resources Weather.gov/NOAA Weather Studies: Introduction to Atmospheric Science, Joseph M. Moran, 2009 http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7d.html American Meteorological Society http://earth.usc.edu/classes/geol150/stott/weather/massesfronts.html

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