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Understanding Arthropods: Characteristics, Diversity, and Specifics of Crustaceans

Discover the fascinating world of arthropods, including lobsters, crabs, crayfish, spiders, and insects. Members of the Phylum Arthropoda are segmented and possess jointed appendages such as legs and antennae. This chapter covers essential characteristics such as the exoskeleton's structure and the open circulatory system. It delves into the molting process and the unique features of crustaceans, including their diverse habitats and adaptations. Learn about their neural control, digestion, respiration, and sensory systems for a comprehensive understanding of these remarkable creatures.

jolie-vargas
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Understanding Arthropods: Characteristics, Diversity, and Specifics of Crustaceans

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  1. Chapter 36 Section 1 Arthropoda

  2. Characteristics • Lobsters, crabs, crayfish, spiders, & insects • Arthropods- members of the Phylum Arthropoda • Segmented animals with appendages- such as legs & antennae • Arthropod means “jointed foot

  3. Characteristics • Exoskeleton- protection & support • 3 layers of exoskeleton • Outer- waxy/protein- prevents water loss and drying out • Middle- protection layer made of protein & chitin- tough carbohydrate • Inner-flexible/muscles-movement

  4. Characteristics • Cephalization- brain/sensory structures located at anterior end • Appendages around mouth to aid with feeding • Antennae specialized for detecting chemicals

  5. Characteristics • Open circulatory system • Compound eyes- eyes made of many individual light detectors with lenses

  6. Molting • Molting- shedding of the exoskeleton to grow • Hormones trigger molting • Arthropods usually hide during this stage because they are vulnerable to predators

  7. Evolution & Classification • Trilobites- ancient & extinct arthropod • Tagma- specialized for feeding, locomotion, & reproduction • Two major mouthparts: mandibles- jaw-like chelicerae- pincer-like

  8. REVIEW!!! • Name three characteristics of arthropods. • Why do arthropods molt?

  9. Chapter 36 Section 2 Subphylum Crustacea

  10. Characteristics • Two-pairs of antennae • Mandibles • Pill bugs, lobster, crayfish • Nauplius- free-swimming larva stage

  11. Diversity of Crustaceans • Range of sizes, but most are small • Copepods- no larger than a comma ( , ) • Japanese spider crab- 13 feet

  12. Aquatic Crustaceans • Copepods- marine (plankton) • Water fleas (Daphnia)- freshwater • Barnacles- marine- sessile; attach to many different surfaces • Cirri- appendages that sweep food particles into barnacle’s mouth

  13. Terrestrial Crustaceans • Isopods- pill or potato bug • Lose water quickly through thin exoskeleton • Live in moist environments • Roll into a ball when threatened as a defense • Feed on decaying vegetation

  14. Crayfish • Freshwater crustacean • Similar to lobster • Well-studied because of abundance • Decapods- crayfish, lobster, crab, & shrimp (10-feet)

  15. External Structure • Body divided into abdomen & cephalothorax- consists of head & thorax- eight segments & lies behind head • Carapace- dorsal exoskeleton • Abdomen- six segments behind cephalothorax

  16. External Structure • Two pairs of antennae- touch & taste • Antennules- touch, taste, balance • Mandibles- chew food • Maxillae- manipulate food & draw water over gills • Maxillipeds- manipulate food

  17. External Structure • Cheliped- capture food & pincer defense • Swimmeret- creating water current & transferring sperm • Telson & uropods- paddle-like tail • Move in backward movement called “tail flip”

  18. Digestion • Esophagus  stomach  teeth-like structures in stomach grind food to fine paste  mixed with enzymes secreted by digestive gland  enters intestine for digestion & absorption  anus

  19. Respiration • Feather-like gills for respiration • As crayfish walk, circulate water over gills

  20. Circulation • Open-circulatory system • Circulatory fluid called hemolymph • Exchanges carbon dioxide with oxygen in water • Gills  dorsal part of crayfish  heart

  21. Excretion • Green glands- excess water, along with wastes is eliminated • Waste from green glands leaves through a pore at the base of the antennae

  22. Neural Control • Ganglia • Controls mandibles, maxillae, & maxillipeds • Ventral nerve cord runs from the ganglia into the thorax & abdomen

  23. Sensory Organs • Sense vibrations & chemicals by sensory hairs over entire body • Compound eye sense light

  24. REVIEW!!! • Name three appendages of the crayfish and the function of each appendage. • How do crayfish digest food? • How do crayfish sense their environment?

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