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What have you heard?

What have you heard?. Global Warming. Greenhouse Gases. Fossil Fuels. Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ). Ice Core Records. Climate Change. What have you heard?. Global warming causing new evolutionary patterns. EXAGGERATED SCIENCE How Global Warming Research is Creating a Climate of Fear.

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What have you heard?

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  1. What have you heard? Global Warming Greenhouse Gases Fossil Fuels Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Ice Core Records Climate Change

  2. What have you heard? Global warming causing new evolutionary patterns EXAGGERATED SCIENCEHow Global Warming Research is Creating a Climate of Fear Global warming could burn insurersActivists call on industry to act Seattle mayors' meeting a cozy climate for business In a Shift, White House Cites Global Warming as a Problem Research Links Global Warming to Wildfires Is Global Warming Fueling Katrina? Rise in wild fires a result of climate change Seattle reports milestone in cutting emissions Jellyfish creature the answer to global warming? www.Scienceblog.com How one number touched off big climate-change fight at UW

  3. Our Questions Today Science of Climate Change What are Greenhouse Gases? How do they cause warming? How are humans affecting the climate?

  4. Science of Climate Change:What are Greenhouse Gases? How do they cause warming? How are humans affecting the climate? UW Climate Impacts Group

  5. Earth’s Natural Greenhouse Effect GHE#1 - natural

  6. GHE#2 - humans Human-caused Global Warming

  7. GHE#3 - text The science of global warming is based on well-understood physical principles. There is NO scientific debate about this! Due to human activities, there are now 40% more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere than there were a few hundred years ago. The Earth has already warmed as the consequence of this, and scientists expect that the next 20 to 100 years the world will warm a lot more!

  8. GHG Greenhouse gases • Sunlight heats the earth • Some of sun’s energy is reradiated from surface. • GHGs absorb this energy • GHGs reradiatesome escaping energy back towards surface, making the temperature warmer GHG GHG PCC slide no. 033

  9. Most Important Greenhouse Gases GHGs: • Water: H2O • Carbon Dioxide: CO2 • Methane: CH4 • Source Examples: • Oceans, Rivers, Plants, Soil • Combustion, Respiration • Wetlands, Oceans, Combustion, Animals Source: U.S. EPA 2005 PCC slide no. 034 http://www.for.gov.bc.ca

  10. Future climate change PCC slide no. 008 Source: IPCC 2007

  11. Risks of future climate change Possible threats: • Ecosystem change • Flooding of coastal communities • Spread of diseases • Increase of extreme weather events Source: IPCC 2001a

  12. More Evidence: Ice Cores • Ice layers preserve information about each year PCC slide no. 036 Sources: NOAA, GISP2 websites

  13. Sea Level Rise 7-8 meters in Florida 1-5 meters in Bangladesh PCC slide no. 037

  14. Carbon dioxide acidifies seawater CO2 and carbonate (which plankton use to make shells) combine in the ocean. The ocean is already more acidic than it was 50 years ago. CO2 CO2 Atmosphere Ocean “shelled-critters” Source: Alfred-Wegener-Institut SEM photograph of E. hux

  15. Arctic Sea Ice (in September) 2005 Asia Russia Canada Europe U.S.A. data from National Snow and Ice Data Center (Boulder, CO, USA)

  16. Arctic Sea Ice (in September) 2005 sea ice edge, where normally found 5.6 million km2 data from National Snow and Ice Data Center (Boulder, CO, USA)

  17. Arctic Sea Ice (in September) 2005 4.3 million km2 5.6 million km2 sea ice edge (where normally found) 2007 data from National Snow and Ice Data Center (Boulder, CO, USA)

  18. 9 8 7 Size (million km2) 6 2005 5 2007 4 ‘78 ‘82 ‘86 ‘90 ‘94 ‘98 ‘02 ‘06 Year Arctic Sea Ice (in September) data from National Snow and Ice Data Center (Boulder, CO, USA)

  19. Melting ice sheets  Sea level rise Greenland Ice Sheet

  20. Sea Level Rise • Melting of • Greenland Ice Sheet • Antarctic Ice Sheet • Glaciers and ice caps • Expansion of heated (warm) sea water 2 - 4C warming by ~2100  0.18 - 0.59 meter rise in sea level IPCC (2007)

  21. Weather Climate “Climate is what you expect Weather is what you get” • Weather: Characteristics of the atmosphere over a short period of time, usually no more than a few days. • Examples: Current Temperature, Rainfall, Humidity, Solar radiation • Climate:The statistics (eg. average) of weather over a long period of time. • Examples: Average Temperature, Rainfall, Humidity, Solar radiation Temperatures at SeaTac Airport for one year: Degrees Farenheit Source: www-k12.atmos.washington.edu/k12/grayskies/ Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb

  22. Climate Change v. Climate Variability Climate change (e.g. warming trend) Climate variability (e.g. Natural swings) We see the sum of both "climate" Time (years)

  23. TIME magazine, 2001 U.S. 186.1 European Union 127.8 Russia 68.4 Ukraine 21.7 China 57.6 Poland 14.4 Canada 14.9 Kazakhstan 10.1 Japan 31.2 India 15.5 Mexico 7.8 Kuwait Trinidad and Tobago Australia 7.6 United Arab Emirates South Africa 8.5 Total CO2 emissions Between 1950-2001 in billions of tons US: 4% of world’s total population 25% of the world’s greenhouse gases China:25% of the world’s population 8.5% of the world’s greenhouse gases (since 1950)

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