Chapter 6 Section 1

1. Chapter 6 Section 1 Fighting Begins in the North

2. I. Peace or War? A. Peace Petition 1. on May 10, 1775, the Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia; all 13 coloniessent representatives 2. delegates were divided over what to do; some like John & Sam Adams wanted to declareindependence, most hoped to avoida final break with Britain

3. 3. the Olive Branch Petition wassent to King George IIIdeclaring the colonists’ loyalty tothe king & asking him to repealthe Intolerable Acts 4. the king ordered 20,000 troops to the colonies

4. B. Rebels Take Ticonderoga 1. in 1775, there was no unitedarmy; each colony had its own militia 2. Ethan Allen of Vermont led a group of men known as the GreenMountain Boys in a surprise attack against Ft. Ticonderoga yelling “Come out, you old rat!” at the fort’s commander

5. 3. British soldiers did not expect an attack and had not heard aboutthe battles at Lexington &Concord 4. Allen and his men easily won the fort and its cannons and supplyof gunpowder as well as a waterroute into Canada

6. C. Setting up an Army 1. the Second Continental Congress set up the Continental Army a. George Washington wasappointed commander b. Washington left immediately for Boston

7. II. Advantages of the Opposing Sides A. Patriots 1. colonists who favored war against Britain because British rule was harsh and unjust; 2. disadvantages a. troops were untrained & disorganized b. few cannons & gunpowder c. no navy d. preferred to be part of the militias 3. advantages a. they were defending their homes b. many owned their own rifles andwere good shots c. good leader in George Washington

8. B. British 1. advantages a. well-trained troops b. navy was the strongest in the world c. supported by many colonists 2. disadvantages a. men were fighting 3000 miles from home b. took months to get supplies, troops, & news c. they were in enemy territory and did not know it as well as the colonists

9. C. Loyalists 1. colonists who remained loyal to Britain a. wealthy merchants, former officials, some farmers & craftworkers b. more Loyalists in Middle &Southern colonies than in New England 2. hard times for Loyalists a. Patriots tarred & feathered them b. many fled to England & Canada c. those who fled lost their homes, stores, & farms

10. III. The Fight for Boston A. Battle of Bunker Hill 1. “Dig, men, dig.” Colonel WilliamPrescott led 1200 Americans to Bunker Hill across the river from Boston a. his men dug trenches onnearby Breed’s Hill b. William Howe, the British general, sent 2400 Redcoats across Boston harbor to Charlestown near Breed’s Hill

11. c. the Americans watched the British advance on them from their trenches; because they were low ongunpowder their commanders toldthem “Don’t shoot until you see thewhites of their eyes!”

12. 2. the British push over the top – it took the Redcoats three advances on the hill before they reached the top a. the British took both hills but 1000 Redcoats were dead orwounded while the Americanslost 400 b. the Battle of Bunker Hill was the first major battle of the Revolution and proved two things, the Americans couldfight bravely and the Britishwould not be easy to defeat

13. B. The British Leave Boston 1. when Washington arrived in Boston he found 16,000 troops who were badly in need of training & who mistrustedone another 2. by January 1776, the Continental Army had surrounded Boston with the help of cannons from Ft. Ticonderoga; General Howe was forced to leave Boston and go to Canada; 1000American Loyalists went with them 3. King George III ordered a blockadeof all colonial ports & hired Hessianmercenaries from Germany

14. Chapter 6 Section 2 The Declaration of Independence

15. Certain natural rights belong to all people from birth. • 1. All people are born equal and are entitle to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. • 2. People set up governments to protect their rights and liberties. • 3. If government fails to protect people’s rights, the people have the right to overthrow the government.

16. B. Great Britain committed many wrongs against the colonies. • The King disbanded colonial legislatures. • Britain sent troops to the colonies during peacetime. • Britain taxed the colonies without their consent.

17. C. The British Colonies are now the United States of America. • The colonies have no further ties to Great Britain. • The United States is a free and independent nation. • The United States has the power to do all the things that independent states • may do.

18. D. How does common sense relate to the American Revolution?_______ __________________________ __________________________. E. How does traitor relate to the American Revolution? ___________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________.

19. D. How does common sense relate to the American Revolution? This pamphlet by Thomas Paine urged the colonies to declare independence. E. How does traitor relate to the American Revolution? Because the delegates declared independence, they were disloyal to Britain, and the British could hang them as traitors.

20. F. How does the Declaration of Independence relate to the American Revolution? _________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________

21. F. How does the Declaration of Independence relate to the American Revolution? This document described the reasons for breaking away from Great Britain.