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Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis. Light Pigment Light reaction Photosystem (I, II) Electron transfer Non-cyclic cyclic CO 2 fixation. Energy can be transformed from one form to another. THE SUN: แหล่งพลังงานของสิ่งมีชีวิตบนโลก. THE BASICS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

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Photosynthesis

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  1. Photosynthesis

  2. Photosynthesis • Light • Pigment • Light reaction • Photosystem (I, II) • Electron transfer • Non-cyclic • cyclic • CO2 fixation

  3. Energy can be transformed from one form to another

  4. THE SUN: แหล่งพลังงานของสิ่งมีชีวิตบนโลก

  5. THE BASICS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS • Almost all plants are photosynthetic • Autotrophs • All plant • All algea • Some protosoa • some bacteria • protists

  6. Autotrophs : สร้าง organic matter โดย photosynthesis • Sunlight energy เก็บไว้ในรูปพลังงานพันธะเคมี (c) Euglena (d) Cyanobacteria (b) Kelp (a) Mosses, ferns, and flowering plants

  7. Light Energy Harvested by Plants & Other Photosynthetic Autotrophs 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2

  8. THE FOOD WEB

  9. WHY ARE PLANTS GREEN? It's not that easy bein' green Having to spend each day the color of the leaves When I think it could be nicer being red or yellow or gold Or something much more colorful like that… Kermit the Frog

  10. Electromagnetic Spectrum and Visible Light Gammarays Infrared & Microwaves X-rays UV Radio waves Visible light Wavelength (nm)

  11. WHY ARE PLANTS GREEN? Different wavelengths of visible light are seen by the human eye as different colors. Gammarays Micro-waves Radio waves X-rays UV Infrared Visible light Wavelength (nm)

  12. The feathers of male cardinals are loaded with carotenoid pigments. These pigments absorb some wavelengths of light and reflect others. Reflected light Sunlight minus absorbed wavelengths or colors equals the apparent color of an object.

  13. Why are plants green? Reflected light Transmitted light

  14. WHY ARE PLANTS GREEN? Plant Cells have Green Chloroplasts The thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast is impregnated with photosynthetic pigments (i.e., chlorophylls, carotenoids).

  15. THE COLOR OF LIGHT SEEN IS THE COLOR NOT ABSORBED • Chloroplasts absorb light energy and convert it to chemical energy Reflected light Light Absorbed light Transmitted light Chloroplast

  16. AN OVERVIEW OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS • Photosynthesis is the process by which autotrophic organisms use light energy to make sugar and oxygen gas from carbon dioxide and water Carbondioxide Water Glucose Oxygengas PHOTOSYNTHESIS

  17. AN OVERVIEW OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS Light • The light reactions convert solar energy to chemical energy • Produce ATP & NADPH Chloroplast NADP ADP + P Calvin cycle • The Calvin cycle makes sugar from carbon dioxide • ATP generated by the light reactions provides the energy for sugar synthesis • The NADPH produced by the light reactions provides the electrons for the reduction of carbon dioxide to glucose Light reactions

  18. เรียนมาตั้งแต่ประถม....ใบทำหน้าที่ปรุงอาหาร..มารู้จักใบกันเรียนมาตั้งแต่ประถม....ใบทำหน้าที่ปรุงอาหาร..มารู้จักใบกัน • ประกอบด้วยชั้นผิวใบ (Epidermis) มีชั้นCuticleเคลือบ และ เนื้อใบ (Mesophyll) • Mesophyll มีเซลล์สองรูปแบบ คือ 1.) Palisade mesophyll : รูปร่างคล้ายรั้ว เรียงตัวกันแน่นมาก 2.) Spongy mesophyll : รูปร่างคล้ายฟองน้ำ เรียงตัวหลวมๆ • ด้านหลังใบ (upper epidermis) • ด้านท้องใบ (lower epidermis) มีstoma(ปากใบ) ซึ่งจะมีเซลล์ควบคุมการปิดเปิด เรียกว่า Guard Cell

  19. Epidermis Mesophyll Vascular bundle

  20. Chloroplast LEAF CROSS SECTION MESOPHYLL CELL • The location and structure of chloroplasts LEAF Mesophyll Intermembrane space CHLOROPLAST Outer membrane Granum Innermembrane Grana Stroma Thylakoidcompartment Stoma Thylakoid

  21. Pigments

  22. Paper chromatography of plant photosynthetic pigment

  23. Porphyrin ring delocalized e- Phytol tail Chlorophyll a & b • Chl a has a methyl group • Chl b has a carbonyl group

  24. Where is chlorophyll?

  25. Different pigments absorb light differently

  26. Excitation of chlorophyll in a chloroplast e e Excited state 2 Heat Light Light (fluorescence) Photon Ground state Chlorophyll molecule (a) Absorption of a photon (b) fluorescence of isolated chlorophyll in solution

  27. ชนิดของรงควัตถุสังเคราะห์ด้วยแสง (Photosynthetic pigment)

  28. Antenna complex + Reaction center อยู่รวมกันบน Protein เรียกว่า“Photosystem”

  29. ปฏิกิริยาใช้แสง (Light reaction) • พืชได้รับพลังงานแสงและตกกระทบที่รงควัตถุโดยอาจตกกระทบที่ • chlorophyll a ซึ่งเป็น reaction center • กลุ่มรงควัตถุอื่นๆ (antenna complex) แล้วมีการถ่ายทอดพลังงานต่อให้ chl. a

  30. ระบบของ Photosynthetic pigment Antenna complex Carotenoids Accessory pigment Chlorophyll b Chlorophyll a Essential pigment e- Reaction center Chlorophyll a

  31. Thylakoid Photosystem Photon STROMA Light-harvesting complexes Reaction center Primary election acceptor e– Thylakoid membrane Special chlorophyll a molecules Transfer of energy Pigment molecules THYLAKOID SPACE (INTERIOR OF THYLAKOID) • พืชได้รับพลังงานแสงและตกกระทบที่รงควัตถุโดยอาจตกกระทบที่ • chlorophyll a ซึ่งเป็น reaction center • กลุ่มรงควัตถุอื่นๆ (antenna complex) แล้วมีการถ่ายทอดพลังงานต่อให้ chl. a

  32. Chloroplast A Photosynthesis Road Map Light Stroma NADP Stack of thylakoids ADP + P Light reactions Calvin cycle Sugar used for  Cellular respiration  Cellulose  Starch  Other organic compounds

  33. Light reaction • Photosystem (I, II) • Electron transfer Chain • Non-cyclic • cyclic

  34. H2O CO2 Light NADP+ ADP CALVIN CYCLE LIGHT REACTIONS ATP NADPH Electron Transport chain O2 [CH2O] (sugar) Primary acceptor 7 Primary acceptor 4 Fd Electron transport chain Pq 2 e 8 e– e H2O NADP+ + 2 H+ Cytochrome complex 2 H+ NADP+ reductase + 3 NADPH O2 PC e– + H+ P700 e– 5 Light P680 Light 1 6 ATP Photosystem-I (PS I) Photosystem II (PS II)

  35. H2O CO2 Light NADP+ ADP CALVIN CYCLE LIGHT REACTIONS ATP NADPH Electron Transport chain O2 [CH2O] (sugar) Primary acceptor Primary acceptor 4 Fd Electron transport chain Pq 2 e e– e H2O NADP+ + 2 H+ Cytochrome complex 2 H+ NADP+ reductase + 3 NADPH O2 PC e– + H+ P700 e– 5 Light P680 Light 1 ATP Photosystem-I (PS I) Photosystem II (PS II)

  36. H2O CO2 Light NADP+ ADP CALVIN CYCLE LIGHT REACTIONS ATP NADPH Electron Transport chain O2 [CH2O] (sugar) Primary acceptor 7 Primary acceptor 4 Fd Electron transport chain Pq 2 e 8 e– e H2O NADP+ + 2 H+ Cytochrome complex 2 H+ NADP+ reductase + 3 NADPH O2 PC e– + H+ P700 e– 5 Light P680 Light 1 6 ATP Photosystem-I (PS I) Photosystem II (PS II)

  37. พืชผลิต O2จากการแตกตัวของ H2O(H+ and e-)

  38. หล่อเหมือนใครในห้องนี้หรือเปล่าเนี่ยหล่อเหมือนใครในห้องนี้หรือเปล่าเนี่ย

  39. Chloroplast A Photosynthesis Road Map Light Stroma NADP Stack of thylakoids ADP + P Light reactions Calvin cycle Sugar used for  Cellular respiration  Cellulose  Starch  Other organic compounds

  40. Chloroplast Light Photosystem IIElectron transport chains Photosystem I CALVIN CYCLE Stroma Electrons Cellular respiration Cellulose Starch Other organic compounds LIGHT REACTIONS CALVIN CYCLE

  41. Electron transport chain • Non-cyclic • cyclic

  42. Non-cyclic e- transfer Fd = Ferridoxin Pc = Plastocyanin Pq = Plastoquinone

  43. Non-cyclic electron transfer: ได้ ATP, NADPH

  44. Cyclic e- transfer: ได้ ATP

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