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An Advance In Fuel Cell Technology

An Advance In Fuel Cell Technology. Ryan Steed Future Directions in Chemistry. Current Fuel Cells: Basics. Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell. O 2. Gas stream. CO 2. H 2 , CO, CO 2. PEM Cell. C 2 O 2 H 6. H 2 O Electricity. Current Fuel Cells: Fuel Reforming.

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An Advance In Fuel Cell Technology

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  1. An Advance In Fuel Cell Technology Ryan Steed Future Directions in Chemistry

  2. Current Fuel Cells: Basics • Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell

  3. O2 Gas stream CO2 H2, CO, CO2 PEM Cell C2O2H6 H2O Electricity Current Fuel Cells: Fuel Reforming • Major sources of H2 for fuel cells are hydrocarbons • Endothermic ‘reforming’ of hydrocarbons C2O2H6 + 2H2O  5H2 + 2CO2 (+ CO)

  4. O2 Gas stream PEM Cell C2O2H6 H2, CO2 CO2 H2, CO, CO2 H2O Electricity H2O (g) @ 500K Current Fuel Cells: Fuel Reformation • CO bad for PEM fuel cells • CO reacted with steam at >500 K to complete oxidation

  5. Current Fuel Cells: Pros and Cons • Pros • More efficient than combustion of hydrocarbons • Relatively clean • Cons • High temperature requirement • CO poisoning • Expensive platinum requirement • CO poisoning is the major restriction in fuel cell • development.

  6. O2 Gas stream POM Cell PEM Cell C2O2H6 H2, CO2 CO2 H2, CO, CO2 H2O Electricity Electricity New Technology • Use CO as an energy source • Polyoxometalate (POM) Fuel Cells

  7. H3PMo12O405- reduction Polyoxometalate H3PMo12O403- In aqueous solution

  8. POMred POMox The POM Fuel Cell System POM recycled electricity H2 H2, CO2

  9. The POM Fuel Cell System Redox Exchange CO +H2O + POMox CO2 + POMred • 2H+ Anode POMred • 2H+ 2e- + 2H+ + POMox Cathode 2e- + 2H+ + O2 H2O requires Pt 2e- + 2H+ + POMox POMred • 2H+no Pt

  10. Advantages of POM Fuel Cells • High temperature steam eliminated (also reduces size) • CO poisoning eliminated • Produce electricity directly from fuel • (rather than carrying a high pressure H2 tank) • Reduced precious metal requirement

  11. Future of POM Fuel Cells • Optimization is required to increase power output • Decreased size, cost, and temperature make POM • fuel cells more practical for portable applications.

  12. References PEM Fuel Cell Diagram. “Fuel Cell Basics: How they Work.” http://www.fuelcells.org/basics/how.html. Accessed 10/26/04. National Research Council. 2003. Beyond the Molecular Frontier. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. POM Fuel Cell Diagram. “Wisconsin Engineers Clear Bottleneck in Production of Hydrogen.” http://www.engr.wisc.edu/news/headlines/2004/Aug26.html. Accessed 10/26/04. Kim, B. W., T. Voitl, G. J. Rodriguez-Rivera, and J. A. Dumesic. 2004. “Powering Fuel Cells with CO via Aqueous Polyoxometalates and Gold Catalysts.” Science. 305: 1280. Nice, Karim. “How Fuel Cells Work.” HowStuffWorks.com. http://www.howstuffworks.com/fuel_cell.htm. Accessed 10/26/04. ---. “How Fuel Processors Work.” HowStuffWorks.com. http://www.howstuffworks.com/fuel_processor.htm. Accessed 10/26/04.

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