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The Roaring Twenties: Prohibition, Women's Liberation, and Cultural Shifts

Explore the transformative 1920s, known as the Roaring Twenties, marked by Prohibition, women's rights advancements, and cultural innovations. Understand the motivations behind the 18th Amendment and the consequent Volstead Act, alongside the cultural dynamics that shaped women’s roles, such as the impact of the 19th Amendment and the emergence of flappers. Discover the era's entertainment evolution with jazz music and films, and learn how technological advancements in automobiles and aviation changed society. Delve into the Harlem Renaissance and the Lost Generation's literary critiques of society.

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The Roaring Twenties: Prohibition, Women's Liberation, and Cultural Shifts

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  1. 1920s – Roaring Twenties Unit 8.3

  2. Prohibition • Passed with the 18th Amendment, but backup with punishment with the Volstead Act • What were the reasons behind this “Noble Experiment?” • Did these reasons work? • What are some reasons the politically involving immigrants? • What was the major negative effect?

  3. Some 20s slang to know • Wets • Drys • Bootleggers • Rum-runners • Speakeasies • Bathtub Gin • Hooch

  4. Women in the “New Era” • Women could now vote with the 19th Amendment • Sheppard –Towner Act (1921) aim at women voters (prenatal/child healthcare) • National Woman’s Party led by Alice Paulpushed for the E.R.A. – Equal Rights Amendment(early feminist movement)

  5. Flappers • “Liberated Women,” but how? • Prohibition effects Margaret Sanger and __________ • Aimee McPherson – female preacher • Amelia Earhart

  6. Pink Collar jobs • New jobs in “feminine” fields • Fashion, education, nursing, social work • Most educated married women still stayed at home • What were Boston Marriages?

  7. Any changes in one generation?

  8. The Automobile Impact • From Model T to Model A • Impact on other industries such as steel, glass, oil • Suburbs expanding • Changing of the landscape with roads, gas stations

  9. Airplanes • How did airplanes link our old pioneer spirit with a modern invention? • Charles Lindberg – Spirit of St. Louis • “Rugged Individualism” • Amelia Earhart

  10. Entertainment • Radios – by end of decade almost every family had one • Movies – from silent films to talkies • “The Jazz Singer” starring Al Jolson – 1st talkie • Music / Dancing • Jazz music • Cab Calloway, Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong • Jitterbug / Charleston dances • “Youth Culture” develops

  11. Sports • Baseball • Babe Ruth • Boxing • Jack Dempsey • Horse Racing • Swimming • Gertrude Ederle • Golf • Bobby Jones

  12. Harlem Renaissance • Rebirth of Black Culture through writing, arts, and music • Langston Hughes • James Weldon Johnson • Zora Neal Hurston

  13. Black Scare • Marcus Garveyand his United Negro Improvement Association organized ideas of black nationalism and a back-to-Africa movement • So what is the “black scare?” • Dubois and Randolph disagreed with movement, but endorse black pride ideas. • Would be a base for other groups in the 1960s. • The Klan opposed such ideas.

  14. Lost Generation • The Lost Generation writers wrote against the materialism and conformity of the 1920s. • F. Scott Fitzgerald – Great Gatsby • Sinclair Lewis – Main Street, Babbit • Was Hemingway one with Farewell to Armssince it was against military conflicts?

  15. Other Writers and Arts • The Fugitives – southern writers who wrote of strong rural traditions (against modernism) • Bruce Barton – The Man Nobody Knows– Jesus was a businessman. Parables are ads, has 12 salesmen • Frank Lloyd Wright – architect stressing functionalism • Georgia O’Keeffe – critical of new technology and urban life as paintings were natural

  16. The Scopes Monkey Trial • John Scopes charged with breaking the law against teaching evolution in Tenn. • Defended by Clarence Darrow (of ACLU). • State lead attorney – William Jennings Bryan • Fined $100 at end, but… • Trial was representative of battle of Urban vs. Rural (1920 – 1st census where urban outnumbered rural). • Was representative of Fundamentalism vs. Modernism

  17. Revivalism • As the battle of Modernism vs. Fundamentalism took place, there some religious happenings. • Billy Sunday • Aimee McPherson

  18. Links • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NLmmqna6t1E – 20s slang • http://marymiley.wordpress.com/ - 1920s interesting • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jez-dtD1CXc – jitterbug • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TRveIIe4uAs&feature=related – Charleston • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C77kx4FZyMQ&feature=relmfu - 20s and 50s comparison review

  19. Reflection Questions • In what ways were there conflicts between the modern world and older traditions? • How did women change during the 1920s? • How is consumerism and materialism shown during the 1920s? • How are popular heroes (in entertainment) shown in different aspects of the 1920s? • What was the impact of the automobile and airplane?

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