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Natural Selection and the Evidence of Evolution (15.1)

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joshua
36 diapositives · 687 Views · Jul 16, 2014

Natural Selection and the Evidence of Evolution (15.1). Evolution Foldable Fold 4 pieces of paper, so you have 7 layered flaps Write “ Evolution” on the top flap as a title. On each flap write:. Modern Theory of Evolution Origins of Evolution Natural Selection & Types

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  1. Natural Selection and the Evidence of Evolution (15.1) Evolution Foldable • Fold 4 pieces of paper, so you have 7 layered flaps • Write “Evolution” on the top flap as a title

  2. On each flap write: • Modern Theory of Evolution • Origins of Evolution • Natural Selection & Types • Influences of Evolution • Patterns of Evolution & Speciation • Evidences of Evolution • Evidences continued…

  3. 1. Modern Theory of Evolution

  4. (Inside) On Top Half of 1st Flap draw: What is Evolution? What is Natural Selection? EVOLUTION How does Natural Selection work? Why makes certain individuals more able to survive?

  5. What is evolution? The change in populations over time.

  6. Insights into why only certain individuals survive… • Traits vary among populations; these traits are inherited • Breeding with others that had desirable traits produced offspring with these traits

  7. What is natural selection? • Mechanism of change in populations over time

  8. (Inside) On Bottom Half of 1st Flap: Who is Darwin? Who is Malthus?

  9. Who is Charles Darwin? • English scientist/naturalist whose ideas provide foundation for the theory of evolution by natural selection • Sailed on HMS Beagle for 5 years studying and collecting biological and fossil specimens

  10. Major Ports of Call… • Galapagos Islands • Location: Near equator, 1000km off west coast of S. America • What he studied: many species of animals and plants unique to the island, but are similar elsewhere • Major findings: Observations led to his consideration that species change over time

  11. Darwin’s book… • 1859, The Origin of Species • Detailed account on his ideas and theories that support evolution

  12. Darwin’s Hypothesis… • Artificial Selection- breeding organism with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits • There is force in nature that works like artificial selection

  13. Thomas Malthus • Proposed idea that human populations grow faster than Earth’s food supply

  14. How Malthus affected Darwin’s ideas… • Realized organisms struggle to compete in changing environments. Many types of competition exist: • Food and space • Escaping predators • Location of shelter

  15. 2. Origins of Evolution

  16. (Inside) On Top Half of 2nd Flap draw: BIOGENSIS SPONTANEOUS GENERATION

  17. Spontaneous Generation • Theory states that non-living matter produces life • Disproved by Redi’s Experiment “Life does not just appear, it comes from other living things”

  18. Biogenesis • Theory that living things come from other living things • Proven by Pasteur’s experiment

  19. (Inside) On Bottom Half of 2nd Flap : • Paste/Tape pictures

  20. 3. Natural Selection

  21. (Inside) On Top Half of 3rd Flap draw: What is Natural Selection? How does it occur? NATURAL SELECTION Picture What are the types of Natural Selection?

  22. What is it? Change in an allele over a period of time How does it occur? Occurs in populations! Evolution can not occur in a single individual Natural Selection

  23. Types of Natural Selection are: Stabilizing Directional Disruptive Picture:

  24. A) mode of natural selection in which a single phenotype is favored, causing the allele frequency to continuously shift in one direction B) Mode of natural selection in which genetic diversity decreases as the population stabilizes, selects against extreme values of the character and favors the intermediate variants C) extreme values for a trait are favored; the variance of the trait increases and the population is divided into two distinct groups (Inside) On Bottom Half of 3rd Flap write:Glue in the following picture & Label the following:

  25. 4. Influences of Evolution

  26. Genetic Equilibrium Defined as the frequency of alleles that remains the same over generations Evolution only occurs when alleles are not in equilibrium Label the picture that shows “genetic equilibrium” Mutations Any change in DNA Causing individuals in a population to express a new phenotype (Inside) On Top Half of 4th Flap write:Glue in the following picture & Label the following:

  27. Gene Flow also called migration addition of genes into a population alters allelic frequencies Genetic Drift random events remove genes from a population gene frequencies in a population change (Inside) On Bottom Half of 4th Flap write:Glue in the following picture & Label the following:

  28. 5. Patterns of Evolution & Speciation

  29. Divergent Evolution Species that evolve to be different even though they come from a common ancestor Convergent Evolution Species that evolve to be similar to each other For example: they have similar structures (Inside) On Top Half of 5th Flap write:Glue in the following picture & Label the following:

  30. Speciation a lineage-splitting event that produces two or more separate species (Inside) On Bottom Half of 5th Flap write:Glue in the following picture & Label the following:

  31. 6. Evidences of Evolution

  32. (Inside) On Top Half of 6th Flap write: Evidences of Evolution • Adaptations- structural and physiological • Fossil Evidence • Anatomical Evidence • Embryology • Biochemistry Why? • Variation that aids an organisms chances of survival in its environment • Develop in a species over many generations

  33. Structural Adaptations Teeth and Claws Protect against predators Mimicry Enables one species to resemble another Camouflage Enables species to blend with surroundings Physiological Adaptations What are they? Changes in organism’s metabolic processes Example: After years of exposure to specific pesticides, insects and weeds have become resistant (Inside) On Bottom Half of 6th Flap write:

  34. Fossil Evidence Indirect source Provide record of early life As record becomes more complete, the sequence of evolution is clearer Anatomical Evidence Homologous Structures- common evolutionary origin 2. Analogous Structures- no common origin, but similar in function (Inside) On Top Half of 7th Flap write:

  35. (Inside) On Bottom Half of 7th Flap write: Anatomical Evidence • Vestigial- body structure in present day organism that no longer serves original purpose Embryological Evidence • Similarities in development before birth Biochemical Evidence • All organisms share DNA, ATP and many enzymes among their biochemical molecules