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Biological Chemistry

Biological Chemistry. Macromolecules. Large organic molecules Basic Structure. POLYMERIZATION!. Macromolecules. Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids. Proteins. Proteins. Chains of amino acids Basic structure below:. Proteins. Amino acid in solution. Proteins. 20 amino acids

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Biological Chemistry

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  1. Biological Chemistry

  2. Macromolecules • Large organic molecules • Basic Structure POLYMERIZATION!

  3. Macromolecules • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic Acids

  4. Proteins

  5. Proteins Chains of amino acids Basic structure below:

  6. Proteins Amino acid in solution

  7. Proteins 20 amino acids Differ only in their side chains, R.

  8. Condensation!

  9. Proteins: Primary Structure • Order of amino acids • Protein made depends on • Kind: which amino acids are present? • Amount: how many amino acids? • Sequence: what’s the order they are arranged?

  10. Proteins: Secondary Structure Folding & coiling form pleated sheets and helixes Stabilized by hydrogen bonds

  11. Proteins: Tertiary Structure Long coils fold among themselves

  12. Proteins: Quaternary Structure • separate amino acid chains fit together to make the final structure of a protein • i.e., hemoglobin has 4!

  13. Proteins: What do they do? Structural: collagen, elastin Oxygen-carriers: hemoglobin, myoglobin Forms parts of cell membranes: channels, receptors Allow muscle contraction Enzymes

  14. Proteins: Enzymes Protein catalysts that speed up important biological chemical reactions

  15. Proteins: Enzymes substrates How do they work?

  16. Proteins: Enzymes How does environment affect its activity? Things to consider: • Temperature • pH

  17. Proteins: Enzymes How does environment affect its activity?

  18. Nucleic Acids

  19. Nucleic Acids DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid RNA: ribonucleic acid ATP: adenosine triphosphate

  20. Nucleic Acids • Monomers are called nucleotides • Each nucleotide has 3 parts • nitrogen-containing base • monosaccharide ribose • phosphate

  21. Nucleic Acids • Five kinds of bases • Adenine • Guanine • Thymine (in DNA only) • Cytosine • Uracil (in RNA only)

  22. U

  23. Nucleic Acids

  24. DNA & RNA • form the genetic material of an organism

  25. ATP • carries energy and provides to help many reactions in the cell

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