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Amphibians

Amphibians. Advanced Life Science Rainier Jr/Sr High School Mr. Taylor. Amphibians. Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Amphibia. Amphibians. Amphibians are the first vertebrates to walk on land Several challenges to overcome Loss of buoyancy

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Amphibians

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  1. Amphibians Advanced Life Science Rainier Jr/Sr High School Mr. Taylor

  2. Amphibians • Kingdom Animalia • Phylum Chordata • Subphylum Vertebrata • Class Amphibia

  3. Amphibians • Amphibians are the first vertebrates to walk on land • Several challenges to overcome • Loss of buoyancy • No water for O2 movement • How to get reproductive cells together

  4. Amphibian Characteristics • Legs to lift body from ground • These were placed on the side of the body in a quadrapedal stance • Lungs • Larvae have gills, most adults have primitive lungs • Double loop circulation • heart to lungs to heart to body to heart

  5. Amphibian Characteristics • Partial division of heart chambers • 3 chambers created by division of atrium, single ventricle • Reduces mixing of oxygenated and unoxygenated blood • Cutaneous respiration (skin breathers) • Diffusion of gasses across skin (thin, moist)

  6. 3 Orders of Amphibians • Anura: “without tail”: frogs and toads • Urodela: “with tail”: salamanders and newts • Apoda: “without feet”: caecelians

  7. Anurans • Frogs and toads • Adults are carnivorous, mostly insectivores • Have a sticky tongue attached at the front • External fertilization in bodies of water. • Eggs hatch to tadpoles • Gills for respiration • Mostly algae eaters • Tadpoles undergo metamorphosis to become adults with lungs

  8. Anurans • Tympanum: “eardrum” to detect sound vibrations • Good eyesight: are sight hunters • Brain • Increased size of cerebrum (thinking part) over that of fish

  9. Anurans

  10. Urodelans • Salamanders and newts • Must remain near water or in wet environments • Much more reliance on cutaneous respiration • Most use external fertilization • Some females will pick up “packets” of sperm deposited by males. May remain fertile for extended periods of time.

  11. Urodelans • Young hatch looking very similar to adult forms • Use gills for respiration • Most mature to lunged adults • Those not maturing to lungs are considered “neotonic” meaning they retain juvenile characteristics.

  12. Urodelans

  13. Apodans • Caecelians • Older forms had legs (fossil evidence) • Live underground and in burrows • This trait is called “fossorial” • Internal fertilization • Many live in South America/Africa • Little else known about these secretive animals

  14. Apodans

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