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Class 1 The Importance of Information Technology & Systems Management

Asper School of Business - MBA Program 6150 Management of Information Systems & Technology April-June 2007 Instructor: Bob Travica. Class 1 The Importance of Information Technology & Systems Management. Updated April 2007. Outline.

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Class 1 The Importance of Information Technology & Systems Management

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  1. Asper School of Business - MBA Program 6150 Management of Information Systems & Technology April-June 2007 Instructor: Bob Travica Class 1 The Importance of Information Technology & Systems Management Updated April 2007 6150 Management of Information Systems and Technology

  2. Outline • Importance of Management of Information Technology & Systems • Concepts of IT and of IS • What ISes affect your professional life? (practice link, discussion) • Organizational and IS themes & Trends • Historical development of IS function in organizations • Concepts of data, information, and knowledge • Guidelines in study of Management of Information Technology & Systems • Summary 6150 Management of Information Systems and Technology

  3. Importance of Management of Information Technology & Systems • Management of information technology (IT) and • information systems (ISes) is similar to “Management • Information Systems” (MIS) • Managing IT/IS as a management vehicle for accomplishing • organizational goals (strategic perspective) • vs. • Managing IT/IS at operational level • IT/IS as asset, “strategic weapon”, tool, “nervous system”, • commodity… More… 6150 Management of Information Systems and Technology

  4. What do we mean by IT? • Any tool for manipulating information in broad sense – electronic • (computer software and hardware, paper trail) • What do we mean by IS? • (see next slide) 6150 Management of Information Systems and Technology

  5. IS Often neglected part ”Supports” Task, Process Perform on Use * Other Hardware = “paper trail” What do we mean by information system (IS)? Information Technology (IT) (Computer & Other* Hardware, Computer Software) Data, Information, Knowledge Use Procedures Users (Organizational members: Managers, Professionals, Clerks) 6150 Management of Information Systems and Technology

  6. Practice link E What ISes affect your professional life? • What do the ISes support? • How do the ISes affect you? • What is good about the systems? • What could be improved? These question can also initiate your thinking about a topic of your paper. 6150 Management of Information Systems and Technology

  7. Contemporary Organizational/IS Themes • Electronic Commerce/Business (Internet, linking back-end • systems to Internet interface b/w organization and environment) • Globalization (markets and trade; global computer networks) • Changing perceptions of time (what is “present”; real time data) • Focus on intellectual capital, knowledge (knowledge tech, • communication tech.) • Changes in organizations (teams, flattening, any time/any space-operations; groupware, communication tech.) More… 6150 Management of Information Systems and Technology

  8. Organization webs, alliances, ecosystems (EDI, networks, ERP) • Deregulation, competition, privatization of telecommunications • Demand-Pull (product customization/personalization; • support of programmable machinery) • Customer-centric and network-centric business (tech. support) 6150 Management of Information Systems and Technology

  9. Technological Trends • Moore’s Law (IT capabilities double in 17 month-intervals) • Home-grown software, outsourced development (“off-shoring”) • off-the-shelf products, Application Software Providers • Proprietary vs. open standards • Internet-centric ISes (storage, distributed services, virtualization) • Systems integration: old/new topic (1980s, ERP systems; intranet) • Wireless & mobile systems More 6150 Management of Information Systems and Technology

  10. Development of IS Function (MeadWestvaco case) • - Centralized mainframe data processing centre (1960s) • Decentralization (mini-computers 1970s, PCs 1980s, networks, • Client-Server models) • Recentralization (ERP) • Transactions  office work  decision making  • professional work • Role of IS function: Support to operations  Strategic business • partner; interfacing with business and vendors/outsourcing • partners; shared IT governance. 6150 Management of Information Systems and Technology

  11. Data, Information, Knowledge • Conceptual Relationships – simple just in textbooks  Data Information (Meaningful data, meaning) Knowledge (Complex whole of interconnected information; theories, conceptual maps, procedures, experience) • NOTE: Term “information” also used in broad sense to mean • data, meaning (information in narrower sense), & knowledge 6150 Management of Information Systems and Technology

  12. Knowledge Information Data low high Complexity, C/B Make data more meaningful (querying, reporting) Represent knowledge Store, organize, transform Knowledge Information Data 1950 1970 1990 (but roots older) Comparisons Focus in IS Development 6150 Management of Information Systems and Technology

  13. Clerks Data Information Knowledge Managers, Professionals Users Organizational members that use IT, data / information/ knowledge, and IS procedures. 6150 Management of Information Systems and Technology

  14. Professionals, Managers, Clerks Use Provide Requirements Information Technology (Software & Hardware) System Development • Organizational • Performance • Market Positioning • Design Data, Information, Knowledge Design & Build Expertise Procedures of handling IT and data/information Information System Function Guidelines in Study of Management of Information Technology & Systems (Strategic Alignment Model) 6150 Management of Information Systems and Technology

  15. Org. Goals & Issues Individuals Homo Informaticus Org. Processes Work Groups IS Design/Development Group Informatics Infoprocesses DATA MEANING KNOWLEDGE WISDOM IS Use IS Adoption Org. Structure Org. Economics INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Infostructure Infoeconomics IS Management IS Evaluation Infoculture Infopolitics Org. Politics Org. Culture (Travica, 2003, 2005, forthcoming) Guidelines in Study of Management of Information Technology & Systems (Information View of Organization IVO Framework, IVO Eye) • IVO Eye builds on… • 1. Classic org. views 3. Sharper focus on information & IT 4. New aspects at intersection of these three 2. Classic MIS issues

  16. Summary 1/4 • Managing IT/IS as a management at strategic level is the vehicle (“strategic weapon”, “nervous system”) for accomplishing organizational goals (effectiveness). • Managing IT/IS at operational level (tool) is part and parcel of organizing and performing daily work in efficient manner. • IT refers to machines, devices and simple tools for manipulating • data/information. Thus manipulation includes creating, collecting, • filtering, storing, organizing, transforming, transferring, and discarding. • Examples are computer (our focus), overhead projector, & paper and pencil. 6150 Management of Information Systems and Technology

  17. Summary 2/4 • IS is a whole consisted of IT, system procedures, and data that delivers information (meaningful data). (slide 5) • IS users are important part of MIS (slide 5, 12) • Information and knowledge are often neglected parts while IT is • emphasized (a weakness of mainstream MIS textbooks including ours). • By organizing and transforming data, computer contributes to • meaningfulness of data. Still, meaning occurs only in human cognition. • Similarly, computer can represent knowledge (e.g., a decision tree in • expert systems) but knowledge is only in human brain (slides 5, 11, 12). 6150 Management of Information Systems and Technology

  18. Summary 3/4 • It is useful to think of ISes that affect your professional work, how they • impact on you, and what their ups and dons are. This perspective prepares • you for this course and for its term paper assignment in particular. • Discussed example: Email systems are part of everyday job • and may pose problems, such as email inflation. • Modern IT/IS are involved in key trends of our time, including • e-commerce, globalization, changing perceptions of time, and significant • changes in organizing (slides 7, 8). • Current technological trends include Internet, Internet-centric systems, and wireless communications. 6150 Management of Information Systems and Technology

  19. Summary 4/4 • The organization of the IS function in firms has moved through • several historical stages outlined in MeadWestvaco case (slide 10). • Various analytical models and frameworks can be used for • understanding the relationship between IT/IS and organization. • - A model for studying IS from a strategic stance (slide 14). • - A framework showing relationships b/w organization/management • aspects and IS issues (slide 15). @ 6150 Management of Information Systems and Technology

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