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Understanding Organic Functional Groups in Chemistry

This guide explores key organic functional groups, essential in organic chemistry. You'll learn about alkanoic acids (carboxylic acids), alkenes, alkynes, alkanols (alcohols), alkanones (ketones), alkoxy alkanes (ethers), esters, amines, amides, and haloalkanes (alkyl halides). Each group is defined by specific structural formulas, providing insights into their characteristics and chemical behaviors. Understanding these functional groups is fundamental for students and professionals in chemistry, aiding in compound identification and reaction predictions.

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Understanding Organic Functional Groups in Chemistry

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  1. Organic Functional Groups Memorize These

  2. H H | | H – C – C – C = O | | | H H OH

  3. Alkanoic Acids (Carboxylic Acids) H H | | H – C – C – C = O | | | H H OH

  4. H H H | | | C = C – C – H | | H H

  5. Alkenes H H H | | | C = C – C – H | | H H

  6. H H | | H – C  C – C – H | | H H

  7. Alkynes H H | | H – C  C – C – H | | H H

  8. H H H| | | H – C – C – C –OH | | | H H H

  9. Alkanols (Alcohols) H H H| | | H – C – C – C –OH | | | H H H

  10. H H | | H – C – C – C – H | || | H O H

  11. Alkanones (Ketones) H H | | H – C – C – C – H | || | H O H

  12. H H | | H – C – C – C – H | || | H O H

  13. Alkanones (Ketones) H H | | H – C – C – C – H | || | H O H

  14. H H | | H – C – O – C – H | | H H

  15. Alkoxy Alkanes (Ethers) H H | | H – C – O – C – H | | H H

  16. H H H | | | H – C – C – C – O – C – H | | || | H H O H

  17. Esters H H H | | | H – C – C – C – O – C – H | | || | H H O H

  18. H H H | | | H – C – C – C –NH2 | | | H H H

  19. Amines H H H | | | H – C – C – C –NH2 | | | H H H

  20. H H H | | | H -C – C – C –H | | | H H H

  21. Alkanes H H H | | | H -C – C – C –H | | | H H H

  22. H H | | H – C – C – C =O | | | H H NH2

  23. Amides H H | | H – C – C – C =O | | | H H NH2

  24. H Br H | | | H - C – C – C- H | | | H H H

  25. Haloalkanes (Alkyl Halides) H Br H | | | H - C – C – C- H | | | H H H

  26. | | -C-C- | |

  27. Alkanes | | -C-C- | |

  28. R – NH2

  29. Amines R – NH2

  30. | | R – C = C – H

  31. Alkenes | | R – C = C – H

  32. H H | | H – C – C – C = O | | | H H H

  33. Alkanals (Aldehydes) H H | | H – C – C – C = O | | | H H H

  34. R – X X= halogen

  35. R – X Haloalkanes (Alkyl Halides) X= halogen

  36. R – O – R

  37. Alkoxy Alkanes (Ethers) R – O – R

  38. H | R – C = O

  39. Alkanals (Aldehydes) H | R – C = O

  40. O R – C – R

  41. O R – C – R Alkanones (Ketones)

  42. O R – C – O – R

  43. O R – C – O – R Esters

  44. R – OH

  45. Alkanols (Alcohols) R – OH

  46. O R – C – OH

  47. O R – C – OH Alkanoic Acids (Carboxylic Acids)

  48. R – C = O | NH2

  49. Amides R – C = O | NH2

  50. R – C  C – H

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