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Instrumentation at Nanostructure Physics, KTH

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Instrumentation at Nanostructure Physics, KTH. Rayuta Yagi, Anders Liljeborg, Jochen Walter, Mattias Urech, David Haviland Peter Ågren, Jan Johansson, Jonas Rundqvist, Karin Andersson, Silvia Corlevi (not shown – Vladislav Korenivski). Our Realm in Experimental Physics. Low energies ( m eV)

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Instrumentation at Nanostructure Physics, KTH

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  1. Instrumentation at Nanostructure Physics, KTH Rayuta Yagi, Anders Liljeborg, Jochen Walter, Mattias Urech, David Haviland Peter Ågren, Jan Johansson, Jonas Rundqvist, Karin Andersson, Silvia Corlevi (not shown – Vladislav Korenivski)

  2. Our Realm in Experimental Physics • Low energies (meV) • Low Temperatures (20 mK) • Small signals (nV, fA) • Single charge (2e=1.3x10-18 C) • Single flux quanta (F0=2.06x10-15 W m2) • Small dimensions (10 – 100 nm)

  3. Typical Sample and Measurement T=50mK

  4. KTH Nano-Fab Lab Philosophy • Nano and micro scale fabrication,imaging and metrology • Joint laboratory facility, broad user spectrum • Graduate students are users • Low overhead costs, flexible research environment

  5. K. A. Wallenberg Foundation • 9 Msek, 1998 • Electron-beam lithography • Plasma RIE • Wire bonder • clean benches, spinner, microscope, etc. • 10 Msek , 2001 • Atomic Force Microscope • Plasma RIE • Surface profilometer • photo lithography • clean benches

  6. Low Cost (semi) clean room environment Phase 2 Instruments – Phase 1 Instruments Light Microscope Laminar flow benches (spinner, development) Photo Lithography Wet bench, hood Reactive Ion Etcher(s) Surface Profilometer Vacuum Deposition System E-beam lithography Atomic Force Microscope Wire Bonder Fluorescence Microscope Cooled CCD camera

  7. Low cost clean (enough) environment500 – 2000 particles per cubic foot

  8. Ventilated clean air hoodsparticle count < 1/ft.3 after 2 minutes

  9. Electron beam lithography • Versatileresearch tool • Beam writing and SEM capability, 6 inch laser stage. • High resolution (slow, nano features) and Low Resolution (fast, micro structure) Raith Turnkey 150

  10. Thickness measurement 0.1 Å vertical resolution 0.5 mm horizontal Low force (ca. mN?)

  11. Scanning Probe Microscope • Nanoscope IV Multi-mode: • AFM (air, liquid) • STM (air) • MFM, ESFM etc. • Image surface • Force measurement

  12. spin dependant transport in nano-scale junctions(Nanostructure Physics, KTH) Room Temperature Magneto-resistance (MR) Two closely spaced Co/AlOx/Co tunnel junctions

  13. Superconducting nano-circuits as quantum bits(Nanostructure Physics, KTH; Quantum Field Theory, SU) Gate SQUID Au lead SET electrometer Al Tunnel junction

  14. Nanostructured ferroelectrics for linear and nonlinear optics(Laser physics and quantum optics, KTH) Photonic Bandgap Structures ion-exchanged gratings in KTP •  = 800 nm, depth > 200 m • aspect ratio > 500:1 • L= 2 mm, w=1mm used as passive narrow band filters Active devices – electrically addressable filters sub-micron periodically domain inverted structures fabricated for first time •  = 720 nm, depth 500 m • aspect ratio > 500:1 • L=1 mm, W= 1 mm Top view Bottom view

  15. Nano fabricated X-ray lenses(Biomedical and X-ray Physics, KTH) Compact X-ray Microscope Diffractive Optics -- Zone Plate

  16. Nano-patterned surfaces for cell growth studies(Polymer Chemistry, KTH; Nanostructure Physics, KTH) Electron-microscope image Optical microscope image Sine-wave grooves in PMMA

  17. S-H Protein A cys - biotin - neutravidin fluoro spheres self assemble on nanometer scale pattern(Nanostructure physics, KTH, Protein Engineering, KTH) Neutravidin 40 nm fluorescent sphere 10 mm PEG 50 Å Au 2000 Å

  18. Measurement Equipment • Low Temperatures (down to 20 mk) • High Frequency (up to 2 GHz) • Small Signals (fA, nV, Lockin, low noise AF) • High Impedence (> G Ohm)

  19. Low Temperature Dilution Refrigerator (Tmin 250 mK) He3 Crostat (Tmin 250 mK)

  20. Low Frequency techniques • Lockin Amplifier • Low noise preamplifiers • Home-made based on BB OPA111, high source impedence, high CMR, symmetric baising circuit. • Standford 560 (voltage) and 570 (current) preamps • Noise Matching – match source impedance to input impedence of preamp at given frequency for minimum noise

  21. Network Analyizer up to 2GHz Reflected and transmitted signal, Amplitude and phase • Impedance of high inductance microstrips • Permiability of magnetic films • Characterize transmission lines, couplings, filters No picture - Digital Sampling Oscilloscope with TDR module (ps resolution)

  22. Vibrating Sample Magnetometer M vs. H of this magnetic films Also “loop tracer”, real time rotation in plane of film

  23. Magneto-optical Kerr Effect

  24. Future HF Techniques • ns or sub-ns rise time pulses • Broadband cabling in to cryostat • CW generator greater than 2 GHz • AWF generator • Pulsed RF • Field calculations around microstrips • Tricks …. opto-electric? ……

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