1. NS1300 – Emergence of Modern Science Earth’s Natural Resources

2. Earth’s Waters • Oceans • Lakes and Ponds • Rivers and Streams • Groundwater • Glaciers

3. Lakes, Rivers and Streams • Lakes and ponds • Rivers and streams • Water Shed • Tributaries • Drainage patterns • Braided streams

4. Meandering Rivers • Erosional features • Channel • Cut bank • Incised valley • Depositional features • Alluvial fans (arid regions) • Flood plain (humid regions) • Levee • Point bar • delta

5. Ice • Erosional features • Hanging valley • Cirques, aretes and horns • Depositional features • Lateral and terminal moraines • Outwash plain • Eskers, drumlins and kettle lakes

6. Aquifers and the Water Table • Recharge Areas • Porosity • Permeability • Unconfined Aquifers • Confined Aquifers

7. Ground Water Erosionand Cave Formation • Carbonic Acid • Sulfuric Acid • Cave Formation • Stalactites • stalagmites

8. Ocean Floor • Continental Shelf • Continental Slope • Submarine Canyons • Deep Sea Fans • Marginal Plateaus • Continental Rise • Abyssal Floor • Abyssal Plains • Abyssal Hills • Abyssal Rise • Seamounts

9. Biological Oceanography • Plankton • Nekton • Diurnal Migration • Match-Mismatch Hypothesis • Benthos • Marine Snow • Photic Zone • Thermocline

10. Chemical Oceanography • Salinity • Heat Budget • Residence Time

11. Physical Oceanography • Thermohaline Circulation • AABW • ABW • Coriolis Effect • Currents • Gyres

12. Ocean Waves • The Water Isn’t Moving (how ocean waves work) • Refraction (why ocean waves break)

13. Environmental Geology • Environmental Hazards • Environmental Resources • Environmental Engineering • Sustainability

14. What is Sustainability • Natural Environment • Land, Air and Sea • Fauna and Flora • Man Made Environment • Urban • Rural • Renewable Resources • Energy • Products • Non-Renewable Resources

15. Environmental Concerns • Global Warming • Sea-level Rise / Flooding • Agriculture • Disease • Ozone Depletion • Habitat Loss • Air Quality • Water Quality • Acidification of Lakes and Streams • Pollution • Groundwater • Oceans

16. Pollution • Groundwater • Leachates • Rivers and Streams • Run-Off • Air • Particulates • Ozone • Ocean • Acid Rain • Eutrophication

17. Solid Waste Disposal • Open Dumps • Sanitary Landfill • Incineration • Onsite Disposal • Radioactive waste • Half-Life • Disposal • Radon

18. Hydrology • Surface Water • Flooding • Climate • Ground Water • Water Table • Hydraulic Gradient • Hydraulic Conductivity • Salt Water Encroachment • Groundwater Contamination

19. Floods and Hurricanes • Flash Floods • River Flooding • Coastal Flooding • Hurricane Formation • Hurricane Prediction • Winds • Storm Surge

20. Coastal Erosion • Coastal Features are Ephemeral • Subsidence • Shoreline Erosion • Jetties • Dikes • Sea Walls

21. Landslides • Debris Slides • Earthflows • Slumps • Falls

22. What Can You Do • About Global Warming • About Pollution • About Overflowing Landfills • About Wasteful Packaging • About Habitat Loss Preserve Our Planet Environmental Legacy - Landfills Think Globally, Act Locally

23. What is a Green Economy? • Energy • Exploration • Production • Industry • Production • marketing • Transportation • Consumers • choice Al Gore on the Climate Crisis E.O. Wilson on Saving Life on Earth

24. Test Questions • Most of the earth’s water is in the oceans. • The water cycle explains how water changes phase as it moves through the earth’s layers (atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere). • Water collects into rivers and streams within a watershed. • Meandering rivers create many erosional and depositional features in arid and humid environments. • Glaciers produce many erosional and depositional features in alpine areas and continental areas following ice ages. • Oceans are salty because of the weathering and erosion of rocks on land. • Acids in water can form caves and Karst topography. • The ocean floor is formed by the processes of plate tectonics. • Ocean waves are energy moving through the water.