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CHAPTER 22 OVEVIEW NOTES

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  1. CHAPTER 22 OVEVIEW NOTES

  2. NEW TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRY: • Steel • (an alloy of iron and carbon) • Chemicals: aspirin, perfumes, soaps, fertilizers; • and dynamite, invented by • Alfred Nobel, who, because of his guilt for how his invention became to be used, established world • peace prizes for worthy recipients • Electricity • Interchangeable parts • Assembly line

  3. CITY LIFE: • Population explosion • Germ theory > antiseptics, immunizations, pasteurization, sterilization, hospitals: • EXAMPLES: • Joseph Lister who introduced antiseptics; • Louis Pasteur, a microbiologist, who • invented a method for killing bacteria in • milk; • Florence Nightingale who began • the first nursing school in Britain after witnessing first hand the unsanitary methods used on war veterans of the CrimeanWar

  4. Urban renewal > • sidewalks, sewers, skyscrapers, entertainment centers • Slums & Tenements • Mutual Aid societies > Labor Unions • Capitalists corporations >led to monopolies > led to government regulation • Improved standard of living

  5. NEW COMMUNICATION: • Telegraph • Telephone • Radio

  6. NEW TRANSPORTATION: • Steamships • Railroads • Automobiles • Airplanes

  7. NEW ATTITUDES AND VALUES: • Suburban middle-class dominance • Cult of domesticity > idealization that “a woman’s • place is in the • home” • Women’s suffrage > 1920 right to vote realized in • 19th Amendment to U.S. Constitution • Temperance movement to ban use of • alcohol • Public education > universities and colleges

  8. Social Darwinism > idea introduced by Charles • Darwin who claimed “survival of the • fittest” > led to • racism • Social gospel > Christian social service

  9. NEW CULTURAL IDEOLOGIES: • Romanticism – literary & artistic movement to • glorify • nature; sought to excite strong emotions

  10. Realism – movement that focused on the harsh • side of life in cities and villages, encouraging improvement

  11. Impressionism – movement to achieve a fresh • view of familiar objects, including the art of • photography

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