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India

India. China. The Harappan Civilization. 3300 BCE - 2400 BCE Developed along the Indus River. Aryan Migration. pastoral  depended on their cattle. warriors  horse-drawn chariots. The Vedas. 1200 BCE-600 BCE. written in SANSKRIT . Hindu core of beliefs: hymns and poems.

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India

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  1. India China

  2. The Harappan Civilization • 3300 BCE - 2400 BCE • Developed along the Indus River

  3. Aryan Migration • pastoral  depended on their cattle. • warriors  horse-drawn chariots.

  4. The Vedas • 1200 BCE-600 BCE. • written in SANSKRIT. • Hindu core of beliefs: • hymns and poems. • religious prayers. • magical spells. • lists of the gods and goddesses. Rig Veda oldest work.

  5. Sanskrit writing

  6. Political Development • After the Aryan invasion, circa 6th c BCE • India in small regional kingdom • Some periods of centralized rule • Mauryans • Guptas • Most of the time decentralized

  7. Mauryan Empire • 320s BCE, Chandragupta Maurya filled the power gap left by Alexander the Great • Dominated the area • Set up bureaucratic administrative system • Ashoka, grandson of C. Maurya • Continued his violent approach

  8. Ashoka • Began ruling by moral example • Set up a tightly organized bureaucracy • Collected taxes • Made up of officials, accountants and soldiers • Built roads, hospitals, rest houses to facilitate trade • Codified laws • After death, India declined into land of decentralized regions once again • BUT order and stability maintained because of trade

  9. Gupta Empire • 320 CE India unified under the Guptas • Conquered many of the regional kingdoms • Left local government and administration in power • Declined after the invasion of the Huns in 550 CE • India reverts once again to regional kingdoms

  10. Economic Development • Benefited from expansion of agriculture and trade • Ashoka encouraged irrigation, roads, wells, inns -- caused rise of towns • Middle men on Silk Roads • Increased long-distance trade with China, SW Asia and Med. basin

  11. Social Structure and Gender Roles • Women • Forbidden to read sacred prayers • Legally minors • Subject to supervision of male family members • Family must provide large dowry • Not allowed to inherit property • Widows not allowed to remarry • Patriarchal society with strict social structure

  12. Social Structure and Gender Roles • Caste System – caste = something that cannot be changed • Developed during Vedic Age • Determined job, diet, marriage • Restrictions reinforced by the ruling class • Brahmins most powerful

  13. Culture, Arts, Science, Technology • Buddhism strengthened by Ashoka Maurya • Hinduism regains power with Guptas • Indian art stressed symbolism rather than accurate interpretation • Geometry and algebra flourished • Concept of zero, decimal system, “Arabic” numbers

  14. Indian Art

  15. Ancient Indian Astronomy Tool for keeping track of the constellations Celestial observatory Sundial

  16. Math • Decimal system 234.567 • Zero -- 0 • Algorithms • Arabic numerals – 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 • Square root -- √

  17. Shang Dynasty - 1700-1027 BCE Huang He River

  18. Oracle Bones

  19. Chinese Writing System • Each character in the Chinese language stands for one syllable or unit of language • More than 10,000 characters • Major advantage: people all over China used the same writing system, even if they spoke different languages

  20. Geography- Zhou

  21. Mandate of Heaven The Zhou justified taking over from the Shang by saying that they had lost divine approval to rule

  22. Leaders/Traits - Walled cities - Trade routes between cities - Mandate of Heaven - Feudalism Philosophy - Daoism/Taoism - Laozi 500’s BCE - Confucianism Analects Chaotic government as Zhou was in decline 522 BCE Zhou Dynasty1029-258 BCE

  23. Confucianism • Based on five relationships • Ruler/subject • Husband/wife • Father/son • Older brother/younger brother • Friend/friend • Not a religion • Women were subservient to men • Wanted to reform society by showing rulers how to govern wisely • Laid groundwork for creation of a bureaucracy [a trained civil service who runs the government] • Examination system

  24. Ruthless—Totalitarian Legalism adopted Territorial Expansion begins 214 BCE Book burning-213 BCE Standardized weights and measures Single money system Uniform writing system Postal system Great Wall Bankrupted China Pottery Army-210 BCE Forced labor First time China united as one empire Qin Shi Huangdi- 1st Emperor Qin Dynasty221-206 BCE

  25. Great Wall

  26. Chinese Inventions • Paper • Gunpowder • Compass • Two-bladed plow – allows for increased food production • Printing • Crossbow

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