Jefferson, Madison & Monroe

1. Jefferson, Madison & Monroe 1800-1824

2. Jefferson • Republican Agrarianism • Room to grow • Envisioned a nation of small farmers • Expansion & self-reliance • Reduce the size of Government • Cut size of military • Reduced staff size • Idealistic

3. Judicial Review • Marburyv. Madison • Supreme Court gave a mixed ruling • Judges could review laws for constitutionality • Court couldn’t empower executive branch to act • John Marshall (Federalist) • Known as the Marshall Court-shapes American society through his rulings for 35 years.

4. Marburyv. Madison Chief Justice John Marshall stated, “The Constitution is either a superior paramount law, unchangeable by ordinary means, or it is on a level with ordinary legislative acts, and like other acts, is alterable when the legislature shall please to alter it.” What does this all mean?

5. Louisiana Purchase • Strict vs. Loose Constructionists • Jefferson’s need for land out weighed ideals • Strict Constructionalists • Loose Constructionalists • Inclusion of Louisiana into the U.S. • Blend of French and American (British) system

6. Foreign Policy • Napoleonic Wars – 1800 -1815 • Impressment – Americans taken off of ship by the British navy and forced into service of British • Chesapeake & Leopard Incident • 1807 • Embargo Act • Did not allow US ships to sail into foreign ports • Hurt New England trading tremendously • Non-intercourse Act – no trade w/Britain and France - 1808 • Macon’s Bill No. 2 – reopened trade to all nations - 1810

7. Indian Policy • Jefferson was a continuation of previous policy • Treaties with Indian Nations • Forced upon and dictated to independent Indian Nations • Indian Resistance • The Prophet – religious movement – reject American contact • Tecumseh – created a pan-Indian military resistance movement – mainly in the Old Northwest • William Henry Harrison – Governor of Indiana – gained notoriety for defeating Indian groups

8. War of 1812 • War Hawks – Anti-British (mainly West & South) • New England Merchants – “Mr. Madison’s War” • British controlled the seas and blockaded American ports • British attacked and burned Washington D.C. • American were out matched by Britain and ill-prepared for war • Battle of New Orleans – Jackson becomes national hero

9. Hartford Convention • New England • old Federalist stronghold • Pro-British, Pro-Trade • Discussed secession (create a new nation) • Want protect themselves from influence from other regions

10. American System • Promoted by Henry Clay (Westerner - TN) • Aimed to improve economy and trade • Three Major Points • A protective tariff (to help infant industries) • Bank (to stabilize the monetary system • Internal Improvements – roads, canals

11. Era of Good Feelings 1817-1823 • James Monroe’s presidency • Included people from different regions in his administration • Post-war economic boom • Only one major political party • Goodwill tour • Monroe Doctrine

12. Panic of 1819 • Western land boom was happening. • Agricultural prices were going up. • But after Napoleonic wars Europe get back to work • Drop in demand for American food stuffs • National Bank starts to restrict availability of credit • Restricting ‘Wildcat’ banks ability to loan money on speculation • Average Americans blame the National Bank • Andrew Jackson runs on this issue • Boom and Bust Cycles • 20 year cycles

13. Andrew Jackson • Interactions with the American System • Banks • Tariffs • Internal Improvements