Exploring Australia and Oceania: Lands, People, and Economies

1. Unit X Australia and Oceania

2. Housekeeping… • Chapter 30 Vocabulary A and B Only • 5 Facts Current Events….see above • This week last week for both! • Friday (14th) Last day for make ups and extra credit! • Impact Aid Forms

3. Bell Ringer • Chapter 30 Vocab A and B • Chapter 30 Test 16 – 20 please

4. Unit X Make Up • 10.1 Outline Mapping, PowerPoint Lecture, Economic Chart BLM • 10.2 Aborigines, Internet Mapping Exercise with movement of Aborigines • 10.3 Natural Processes Lecture Ppt

5. Unit X Make Up • 10.4 Rim of Fire Mapping, Ppt. Lecture on plate tectonics • 10.5 Economies Ppt., BLM • 10.6 History of Australia and Oceania Ppt. Lecture

6. Unit Objectives • 1. I can apply the five themes of geography to Australia and Oceania? • 2. I can draw conclusions about Australia and Oceania from their geographic or physical features? • 3. I can assess the role of government in preserving natural resources and protecting the natural environment? • 4. I can explain the impact of natural processes on Australia and Oceania? • 5. I can predict the future population of Australia and Oceania and the problems it will cause? • 6. I can assess the role of differing viewpoints in disputes over natural resources and territory? • 7. I can analyze the relationship between a country’s standard of living and its locally accessible natural resources?

7. Lands of Oceania • The Pacific Ocean has an estimated 20,000 islands • Oceania – the sum total of Pacific Islands • Why don’t we know the exact number of islands?

9. The “nesias” • Micronesia – tiny islands • Polynesia – many islands • Melanesia – “black” islands

10. Nauru • All of the nations in Oceania are island groups except Nauru. • The main economic activity is phosphate mining but it’s running out!

11. Lands of Oceania • Some islands are lost to natural processes such as erosion • Some islands are being created by land-building volcanoes

12. Lands of Oceania • Pacific Islands are divided into two varieties • High Islands – created by volcanoes • Low Islands - created by coral reefs

13. A High Island

14. A Low Island

15. New Zealand • New Zealand has two main islands • North and South Islands • Southern Alps – a mountain range located on South Island • North Island is not as mountainous and contains fertile farmland

16. Christchurch, New Zealand with the Southern Alps in the background.

17. New Zealanders • Maori – aboriginal people of New Zealand • Moko – Maori facial tattoos • Pakehas – Maori term for white people

19. Australia • Australia is the smallest continent • It’s also the flattest! • Great Dividing Range has few peaks higher than 5000 feet and is located near the east coast

21. Australia • Murray River is Australia’s largest river • One of very few there • Australia is the world’s leading supplier of Bauxite and Diamonds!

23. Australia • Australia is also home to the Great Barrier Reef • It’s known as the world’s longest coral reef • It’s actually @2500 reefs combined

25. Antarctica • 5th largest continent • Antarctica’s ice sheet is the largest supply of freshwater in the world • Antarctica is technically, the world’s largest desert. How?

26. Click

27. Bell Ringer • Chapter 31 Vocabulary • Chapter 31 Test 1 – 20

28. Climate • Australia is the only inhabited continent that lies completely in the Southern Hemisphere • New Zealand is further south • They both have moderate climates

30. Climate • Northeastern Australia has a humid subtropical climate • Hot summers, mild winters, and heavy rainfall (@125 inches/year) • Like Vietnam and Thailand

31. Climate • New Zealand and southern Australia have a marine west coast climate • Mild summers, cool winters • Rainfall occurs year round but not in the amounts of tropical areas

32. More Climate • Tropical Wet and Dry – Monsoons shape this climate type • Remember, monsoons are seasonal winds that have dry and wet periods!

33. Deserts • One third of Australia’s land is desert. • Mostly located in central Australia • Less than 10 inches of precipitation per year

34. Deserts • Australians call this mostly unpopulated inland region the Outback

36. Deserts • Antarctica’s lands are located around the South Pole • Antarctica is the world’s coldest, driest continent (Icecap Climate) • This makes it a Polar Desert

37. Unique Life Forms • Australia has been separated from other continents for thousands of years • As a result, it has developed some unique animal and plant life

38. Unique Life Forms • Kangaroo – a marsupial (carries young in a pouch) macropod (large foot) • Can attain speeds up to 44m.p.h.! • Babies are called “Joeys”

40. Unique Life Forms • Koala – a marsupial that exists in Australia often incorrectly called a “Koala Bear” • Koala’s are one of the few non-primate mammals that have fingerprints! Volunteers?

42. Unique Life Forms • Platypus – one of five species of monotremes or mammals that lay eggs • It has a “spur” on its hind foot that injects venom • One of the few mammals that can

44. Unique Life Forms • Tasmanian Devil – is a carnivorous (meat eater) marsupial found only in Tasmania • Loud, Obnoxious, Smelly, and really vicious while eating

46. The Taro Plant • The Taro is a tropical plant grown for its edible starchy root

48. Human Environment Interaction • Most scientists believe that Pacific Islanders came from Southeast Asia • It’s theorized that they used land bridges and small boats to go from island to island • More sophisticated navigation methods were developed

49. Ancient Cultures • Many of these cultures existed as Mandalas– states organized as rings of power surrounding a central court.

50. Ancient Cultures • Khmer Empire – a powerful mandala that lasted from the 9th through the 15th centuries in what we call Cambodia today • Cambodia (along with Laos and Vietnam) was a part of Indochina– French colony that ended in 1954.