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World History

World History. Mrs. Stedman. What is Mrs. Stedman’s late policy? What is Mrs. Stedman’s absent policy?. Expectations review. The Rise of Democracy. Unit 1: World History. I. Types of Government. A. Types of Government. Rule by One:

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World History

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  1. World History Mrs. Stedman

  2. What is Mrs. Stedman’s late policy? What is Mrs. Stedman’s absent policy? Expectations review

  3. The Rise of Democracy Unit 1: World History

  4. I. Types of Government

  5. A. Types of Government • Rule by One: a. Monarchy – king or queen rules the government (power by birth right) b. Dictatorship – one person rules the government (normally gain power through military force) • Rule by Few: • Theocracy (Oligarchy): the religious leader also rules the government • Aristocracy:Wealthy families rule (nobles)

  6. A. Types of Government 3. Rule by the People: AKA-Democracy – the people rule the government • Direct Democracy – people vote directly for laws • Indirect Democracy/Republic – people vote for representatives who then vote for laws

  7. II. The Legacy of Ancient Greece and Rome

  8. A. Limited Democracy in Athens, Greece • Wealth determined class • All free adult males were citizens and could participate in government (1/10 of population). Cleisthenes is considered the father of democracy.

  9. B. Greek Democracy Changes • Athens became a direct democracy • Athens also used juries. It was citizen's civic duty to serve on a jury. • Juries ranged from 201 to as many as 2500 men. (Does jury duty sound familiar to anyone??)

  10. The Roman Empire Based on geography why would it be difficult to have a direct democracy in Rome?

  11. C. Rome Develops a Republic • Rome created an indirect democracy known as a republic • All citizens (free-born males) could vote

  12. D. Roman Law • Like the Greeks, Roman law was based on justice and protecting citizens and their property • The Romans’ lasting legacy was their written legal code known as the Twelve Tables.

  13. Can equality and freedom for all really exist?

  14. Brainstorm:Pros and Cons of Democracy 1.1. Vernacular 2. Secular 3. Humanism 4. City-State 5. Patron 6. Parliament 7. House of Lords 8. House of Commons 9. Indulgences 10. Annul 11. Protestant 12. Catholic 13. Church of England 14. Petition of Right 15. Habeas Corpus

  15. Quick Write What is popular culture? How would historians describe our generation based on our popular culture?

  16. III. The Renaissance

  17. A. Italian Renaissance (1300-1600) • The Renaissance was a rebirth that brought back classical Greek and Roman culture while stressing the importance of the individual • Florence was the center

  18. B. Classical and Worldly Values • Humanism focused on the potentials and achievements of the individual • Secularism was stressed even as Catholicism remained the dominant religion

  19. C. Renaissance Men and Women • The ideal Renaissance man excelled at nearly everything and created art. • The Renaissance woman was educated and inspired art.

  20. Renaissance Artists! D. Renaissance Art Raphael Michelangelo Donatello Leonardo • Renaissance painters and sculptors like Donatello, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Leonardo DaVinci created realistic art. • DaVinci was considered the epitome of the Renaissance man.

  21. How Does the Art of the Renaissance Reflect Its Historic Period?

  22. Madonna with Child Thirteenth century Madonna with Child in the Italo-Byzantine style. • Describe how the Virgin Mary and how the baby Jesus look to you. • What human emotions, if any, can you “read” on their faces? • Does the baby Jesus look like a baby? What does he look like? • What is in the background of this painting? Is there depth to the space?

  23. Madonna and Child by Leonardo da Vinci 1478 • Describe how the Virgin Mary and how the baby Jesus look to you. • What human emotion does Mary’s face seem to show? • Does the baby Jesus look like a baby? If so, why? What is he doing? • How has Leonardo painted this painting so that the people and their clothing look realistic?

  24. What difference do you notice in the two styles of paintings? What differences do you notice in the emotions of the people? What are the differences between how the two paintings show the depth of space and fabric?

  25. Mona Lisaby Leonardo da Vinci 1503 - 1519

  26. Winged Victoryalso calledNike of Samothrace ca. 190 BC Artist Unknown • What do you notice about the clothing on her body? • How did the sculptor show wind rippling across her dress? • Aside from the fact that her head and arms are missing, does this sculpture seem realistic? Cartoon-like? Explain.

  27. Madonna and Child (Notre Dame Cathedral) Mid 14th century • How would you describe how Mary is holding the Jesus? • Does she seem relaxed or stiff? How would you describe her “body language”? Why? • What emotion can you “read” on her face? • How is she holding Jesus? • Does Jesus seem to be lifelike? Explain. • How well, or poorly, does the sculptor depict clothing and the human body?

  28. The Pieta by Michaelangelo 1498 - 99 • How would you describe how Mary is holding the Jesus? • Does she seem relaxed or stiff? How would you describe her “body language”? Why? • What emotion can you “read” on her face? • How is she holding Jesus? • Does Jesus seem to be lifelike? Explain. • How well, or poorly, does the sculptor depict clothing and the human body?

  29. What are the differences and similarities between these three sculptures?

  30. E. Renaissance Writers • Writers wrote in the vernacular and focused on self-expression or the individuality of their subjects • Machiavelli’s The Prince(1513) emphasized political effectiveness over moral integrity

  31. F. The Northern Renaissance Pieter Bruegel Hans Holbein Jan van Eyck Albrecht Durer What similarities and differences do you see between the Northern Renaissance art and the Italian Renaissance art we viewed together?

  32. F. The Northern Renaissance • English art and literature flourished under Elizabeth I. William Shakespeare was the most famous writer. • This era was the Elizabethan Age.

  33. **G. The Printing Press** • Johann Gutenberg’s printing press made it possible to produce books quickly and cheaply. • This made more information available, and more Europeans were literate.

  34. A man could make 500 books in the same time with a printing press. A copyist took 5 months to produce a single book.

  35. IV. The Reformation

  36. Geography Minute

  37. A. Causes of the Reformation • Renaissance values caused people to question the Church. • The printing press helped ideas to spread. • Economic and political tensions between leaders and monarchs arose as they began to challenge the authority of the pope. • Corruption in the Church and the sale of indulgences upset some.

  38. B. Martin Luther and Lutheranism • Luther posted his 95 Theses on a church door to air his grievances with the Catholic Church. • Luther’s ideas spread in Germany and started the religious Reformation. • Beliefs included salvation by faith, the Bible was the source of truth, and all people with faith were equal.

  39. C. Henry VIII and Anglicanism • England’s King Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife after she didn’t produce a male heir for him. The Pope wouldn’t annul Henry’s marriage. • He then made himself the head of the Church of England, or the Anglican Church. (Act of Supremacy) • This was the only legal church in England. Elizabeth I made some reforms to please both the Catholics and Protestants.

  40. D. John Calvin and Calvinism • Calvin believed in predestination and that God had chosen the “elect” to save. • Calvinism spread throughout Switzerland and later Scotland. Calvinists in France, Huguenots, faced a lot of violence. • Many Protestant religions, such as Presbyterians, evolved from Calvinism.

  41. Geography Minute

  42. E. The Catholics’ Response • Ignatius of Loyola and his followers, the Jesuits, sought to add members to the Catholic Church and founded schools. • The Council of Trent reaffirmed several Catholic doctrines and shut down beliefs of the Protestants.

  43. V. England: The Glorious Revolution

  44. A. Background 1. Henry VIII- leaves Catholicism and establishes the Church of England. 2. Mary (his daughter) Re-established Catholicism as the national religion and kills many protestants. 3. Queen Elizabeth Re-establishes the church of England….she leaves NO heirs to the throne

  45. B. Monarchs Defy Parliament 1. King James I (Catholic) and King Charles I (Catholic) both upset Parliament (lots of Protestants). 2. Charles I signed the Petition of Right, which limited the monarchy and protected people’s rights.

  46. B. Monarchs Defy Parliament 3. When he signed the Petition of Right, Charles I agreed not to: imprison subjects w/o due cause, levy taxes w/o Parliament’s consent, house soldiers in private homes, and impose martial law in peacetime.

  47. C. The English Civil War 1. After Charles I ignored the petition and continued to upset Parliament, the English Civil War broke out in 1642. 2. Oliver Cromwell led the protestants against the Monarch. He won and became a dictator. 3. Charles I was executed.

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